Sustainability and the Green Supply Chain Essay

Manageability and the Green Supply Chain - Essay Example This can be supported concerning the way that contemporary associations mean to create green gracefully chain related technique so as to continue in this serious scene and in this manner, protect their initiative situating. The thought of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is regularly distinguished as the key property in such estimates applied by contemporary associations, on a very basic level portrayed as â€Å"the procedure of utilizing naturally cordial data sources and changing these contributions to yields that can be recovered and re-utilized toward the finish of their lifecycle in this manner, making a feasible gracefully chain† (Cognizant, 2008). It merits referencing that a maintainable flexibly chain is ordinarily seen as a sole substance rather than an arrangement of divided constituents that include different noteworthy perspectives, for example, assembling, obtainment and circulation among others (Rushton and et. al., 2010). It would thus be able to be obvious ly seen that the focal point of a manageable GSCM is to help current associations through expanded client esteem, benefit alongside by and large profitability and accomplishing better serious situating over their main business showcase members (Christopher, 2012; Wisner, 2011). The significant features of a practical GSCM incorporate defending nature, esteem creation, encouraging advancement in each operational system of the association, shaping just as creating viable interrelation with each hierarchical part and limiting any kind of risks that are probably going to emerge while performing various operational capacities. Exceptionally referencing, the cutting edge associations will in general organize framing a practical GSCM, inferable from certain noteworthy advantages that it conveys to them in this current globalization and innovative period. These advantages are generally perceived as upgraded brand picture, diminished coordinations, fabricating or other related costs, advance d assembling techniques, extension to new business advertises and created SCM process among others (Morana, 2013; Dai, 2011; Cognizant, 2008). With this worry, the exposition expects to depict the basic part of supportability and green flexibly chain by thinking about a specific genuine association, which has a worldwide profile. In such manner, BP plc has been taken into worry as the association. The significant worries of manageability alongside green gracefully fasten identifying with BP plc have additionally been depicted in this paper. A Brief Background of BP plc BP plc, which was once in the past recognized as British Petroleum, is as of now viewed as one of the chief worldwide oil and gas organizations all through the globe. The organization leads its operational capacities in various countries, utilizing a significant number of faculty that remained at almost 85,900 during the year 2012 (BP plc, 2013). The organization primarily manages different sorts of business capacitie s running from conveying fuel to clients for transportation, vitality for light alongside warmth and oils for keeping assorted sorts of machines to petrochemical items that are utilized for planning every day things (BP plc, 2013). The strategic the organization is to turn into an overall head in the separate business. The organization centers after keeping up specific qualities that are instituted as one group, regard, security, greatness and regard so as to accomplish its foreordained business targets (BP plc, 2013). Surveying its ongoing supportable techniques, it has been perceived that BP is frequently viewed as one of the notable brands, which has been working since its initiation in the nineteenth century. One of the significant qualities of the organization can be obviously seen in wording that it

Down East Spud Busters National Distribution Program Research Paper

Down East Spud Busters National Distribution Program - Research Paper Example Since the organization needs to improve its deals and catch an enormous market, the business partner will be required to buckle down towards persuading most business elements that can purchase the items. The business partners can have their working places in every district and ought to get input from the customers concerning the results of deals administrations. The HR approaches and methods ought to be changed to join the new system of circulating the items. The organization hopes to sell in a few areas utilizing deals partners. Approaches ought to remember limitations for item stockpiling, taking care of, and the board of focus stores. Strategies should control the business partner on how they will deal with the provincial places and dissemination of the items. The organization ought to build up a portfolio showing the abilities experience and characteristics required in a business partner to assist it with accomplishing its objectives. This will manage its enlistment (Bateman and Snell, 2013). Enterprises that could utilize this model are; the horticultural business, the car business, and Food and refreshment industry among others. A frozen yogurt maker could utilize this model and get such huge numbers of clients. The equivalent applies to a pastry specialist. Some staple notwithstanding, can't be conveyed as such, the model can even now be executed is stores are developed in explicit districts like most cafés have done. Another model is the retail business.

The Starving Students Guide to Cooking For Yourself

The Starving Student’s Guide to Cooking For Yourself Motivation In my last post, I mentioned that I came to MIT never having cooked before in my life, and immediately chose a cook-for-yourself dorm.  A few people asked me to elaborate about what non-meal-plan life is like. So here, by popular demand (okay, like 6 prefrosh contacted me.  My standards for popular demand are low), is a basic guide for those newbies who want to start cooking at MIT. Motivation The most basic meal plan available to freshmen (The Basic 14)*  costs $3915 per year, or $130 per week; thats around $12 per dinner and $6.60 per breakfast.  Its also use-it-or-lose-it  ; that means that if you skip breakfast (which you inevitably will do over the course of a semester), that days dinner effectively now costs you $18.60.  That also means that if, say, you want to go out with friends to a restaurant for dinner instead of eating at the dining hall, you can effectively tack on $12 to the price of your restaurant meal. This isnt even taking into account lunch, which the basic meal plan doesnt cover. You can do better than that.  Cook for yourself, eat tastier (and healthier) food, and save money.  A weeks groceries costs me around $60, and thats because I like seafood and steak.  You could easily get your grocery bill below $50 per week if youre willing to forgo fancier meals.  Either way, thats a savings of at least $70 per week, or $1050 per semester.  Or, in more relatable teenager-money-terms, thats the equivalent of a new Macbook Air per semester. What about time?  It takes me around 20 minutes total a day to cook dinner and clean dishes.  That means for every hour of cooking, youre saving $30.   Plus, youre learning a fairly valuable life skill. Motivated yet? *theres an Any 14 meal plan available, but it also costs $515 more per year Gear Youll need: a chefs pan (I prefer it to a regular frying pan because its deeper and can hold more sauce, etc), a saucepan (for cooking pasta/rice), a chefs knife, a paring knife, and a spatula.  Total one-time cost if you get those things off Amazon (Ive linked to the stuff I have): around $95.  If your dorm has communal cookware, your costs will be lower (I prefer having my own pan people dont tend to be very gentle with nonstick pans). Optional but recommended: a honing steel to maintain your knifes edge.  Working with a dull knife is not fun (and pretty dangerous).   Groceries Most people get groceries at Shaws; its a few blocks up Massachusetts Ave.  I build my weekly grocery list around proteins; so for dinner I might have chicken 2 days a week, pork 2 days a week, shrimp 2 days a week, and steak once a week.  Generally, in order of increasing cost: chicken, pork, shrimp=steak. For veggies, Im lazy so I usually get a box of baby spinach or romaine lettuce.  No cutting involved just rinse the leaves and throw em into the pan.  Also: mushrooms, onions, potatoes, tomatoes. For carbs, I usually get pasta because its fast and easy and I like Italian food.  Rice takes longer and is harder to get right on the stovetop. Basil and garlic are easy ways to add flavor. Easy Recipes The USDA recommends cooking chicken to 165 °F, eggs and ground meat to 160 °F, beef and pork to 145 °F. This, of course, means very little to the starving student without a food thermometer.  As a rule of thumb: cook chicken and ground meat until its cooked through.  Cook pork until theres a touch of pink left.  Cook steak however rare you want it; I prefer rare to medium rare.  Please dont cook your steak until its well done.  You might as well be chewing leather at that point. And that would make me sad. Also, I cook everything on high-ish heat, because Im too impatient to wait for food to cook.  If youve got more time you probably should cook on lower heat; its gentler on your pan. Omelette (~7 min total) For breakfast, I keep it simple (read: am too groggy to cook anything fancy).  Just throw some eggs into the frying pan, along with whatever veggies youve got.  I like mushrooms, onions, bell peppers, and tomatoes.  If youve got basil (pronounced bah-sil, by the way. silly yanks always get it wrong), chiffonade it  and add it, because basil makes everything better.  Add some turkey ham if you want. 1. Chop up veggies (or chop them beforehand to save time).  Add some olive oil to your pan and throw the veggies in, stirring for a minute or so.  Dont season or beat your eggs yet. 1a. Put some toast in the toaster, if you like some carbs with breakfast. 2. Now add your unbeaten eggs to the pan, and immediately start scrambling them in the pan.  This results in a nice fluffy egg (props to Gordon Ramsay for that tip. beating your eggs too early tends to make them a bit watery). 3. When the eggs are still a bit runny, take the pan off the heat.  Theres enough residual heat in the pan to finish cooking the eggs.  Pop the toast out of the toaster. Done. Steak (~6 min cooking time; requires just a little preparation the night before) For when you want to be a little fancy, get a New York strip steak (by the way the meal plans so expensive that you could cook a NY strip steak every night and still save money.  Just sayin.).  For other times, get lesser cuts of beef.  Just make sure the steaks at least an inch thick; any thinner and itll be difficult to avoid overcooking it. 1. The night before, season your steak liberally with salt, pat the salt into the steak, and put the steak back in the fridge (trust me on this.  MIT alum J. Kenji López-Alt has done a lot of experimenting). 2. Take your steak out of the fridge at least 45 minutes before cooking.  If you cook it immediately after taking it out of the fridge, it wont heat evenly.  Season liberally with pepper. 3. Get your pan hot, hot, hot.  Add some vegetable oil (dont use virgin olive oil it cant handle the high heat.  Regular olive oil is what I use). 4. Lay the steak down into the pan, and.dont touch it.  Seriously, dont touch it; you want the surface to develop a nice seared crust, and moving the steak around will mess with that.  After ~3 minutes (for an inch-thick steak), flip it over, and cook another 3 minutes.  Around two minutes into the second side, add a bit of butter and crushed garlic to the pan, and then tilt the pan until your steak is basting in that buttery garlicy goodness. (these cooking times are for medium-rare steak.  for medium, add a minute or so to each side.  dont even think about well done). 5. When the steaks done to your liking (use the hand test to check doneness), take it out of the pan and let it rest for 5 minutes before cutting. 6. Cut and serve.  Sparkling apple cider goes well with steak. Done. Shrimp Scampi (~10 min total) Fun fact: scampi is a type of large shrimp.  So shrimp scampi means shrimp shrimp. Shrimp scampi is one of those great last-minute meals that tastes pretty fancy.  All you need is some (peeled and deveined) shrimp, butter, 3 cloves of garlic, half an onion, a lime, and some chicken stock.  I like my scampi with angel hair pasta. 1. Boil water for your pasta.  (I always forget this step and end up cooking everything before the pasta is ready.  So dont forget.  Sorry for being so bossy.) 2. Melt 2 tbsp of butter and a little olive oil in your pan.  Add onions and garlic, stirring for a minute or so until it smells really good. 3. Add shrimp, stirring for a few minutes until both sides are cooked.  Squeeze in lime juice, add half a cup of chicken broth, salt and pepper to taste. 4. Add angel hair pasta to boiling water.  When al dente, drain and add pasta to skillet.  Toss. 5. Add basil to be fancy. 6. Attempt and fail to do Gordon Ramsay pose because you cant keep a straight face. 7. Take goofy group photo after cooking. Done.  Have fun cooking, guys!  If youre looking for some cooking inspiration, Gordon Ramsays show  The F Word has some great videos on YouTube.  Im also a big fan of The Pioneer Woman.

The Subprime Mortgage Crisis Devastated The Global...

Writing Assignment #2 Financial Market Yuxue Zhang The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis devastated the global financial market. People believed that the â€Å"Big Three† credit rating agencies played a significant role at various stages in the crisis. The Reuters, in an article published in 2011, even claimed that credit rating agencies triggered financial crisis. The Reuters believed that Moody’s Corp and Standard and Poor’s action of downgrading the rating on complex mortgages securities triggered the worst financial crisis in decades. However, the problems of rating agencies have existed for quite a long time and accelerated the crash down in some extend. Therefore, besides the â€Å"trigger†, I regard the credit rating agencies as the†¦show more content†¦Investors assume the credit rating agencies, which full of experienced finance experts, can present a trust worthy and correct rating of credit risks. By implementing the external credit rating information, excessive trust in the system of cre dit rating agencies weakens investors’ risk management practices. Therefore, when those big, authoritative rating agencies rate those subprime mortgages as AAAs, investors put more money in the subprime market and expected to make big money. At first, the investors did make a lot of money in subprime investments, and they invested more and more, until they saturated the market. When the analysts in credit rating agencies eventually realized the bubble of the subprime market and they began to downgrade large amounts of mortgage securities, it was too late. When people saw the decline of subprime market and an abrupt downgrading of mortgage securities, the investors panicked and the market crashed. The rating from credit rating agencies accelerated the flourish of subprime mortgage market at the beginning, and eventually pushed the process of the financial crisis. Then, why people should not trust the credit ratings? In the year 2007, Moody downgraded over 5,000 mortgage securi ties. The downgraded mortgage-backed securities were totaled to $1.9 trillion; some securities that had

Experiments Are Done Using Testing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1395 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Experiments are done using testing of many different species. Scientists use humans to determine certain things about society and use animals to test products, medications, or diseases. Such experiments can be ineffective or unnecessary due to these animals not even being able to attract the same diseases or disorders as many humans. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Experiments Are Done Using Testing" essay for you Create order With that being said, I argue that animal testing should not be tolerated under any circumstance because they are cruel and unreliable testing methods. Moral theories such as Utilitarianism and Deontology relate to the topic of animal testing and help me to enforce this movement. In this paper, I argue that the utilitarian stance on animal testing provides a superior argument about animal testing over the moral theory of deontology. John Stuart Mill wrote Utilitarianism and is known as one of the most influential theories on society even 150 years after it was written. Utilitarianism or the Greatest Happiness Principle is defined, in The Ethical Life: Fundamental Readings in Ethics and Moral Problems, as, actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness, (Mill 98). The most important part of this theory, I believe, is that to achieve the goal of happiness in a utilitarianism aspect, is to not only achieve the happiness of just the agent, but all of those who are concerned. This means that in a situation where more than one being, or living thing, alls happiness must be taken into consideration and accounted for. In an NCBI article titled Utilitarian and Deontological Ethics in Medicine, discusses utilitarian and deontological approaches that deal with conflicts and complications in medical ethics. It states, In the utilitarian approach, decisions are chose based on the greatest amount of benefit obtained for the greatest number of individuals. It continues on to say, According to rule utilitarianism, a morally right decision is an action complying moral codes/rules leading to better consequences, (Mandal Ponnambath Parja paragraph 3). It is important to understand how the definition of utilitarianism emphasizes the importance of focusing on the happiness of all those that are concerned and not only the specified agent. Immanuel Kant discusses good will and categorical imperative using deontological ethics in The Ethical Life: Fundamental Readings in Ethics and Moral Problems. Though he does not specifically define deontology in the text, it is defined by an Ethics Unwrapped article from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas as, an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong. This theory is associated with Kant because he believed that ethical actions that are seen as morally correct are related to moral laws such as refraining from lying, stealing, or cheating. In the textbook, Kant discusses how we could act morally as a society and enforce good will overall. He sets out two tests for morally acceptable action, one being, actions are morally acceptable only when the principles that inspire them can be acted on by everyone consistently, and the second being a requirement to, treat humanity always as an end in itself, and never as a mere means. With these things being said, it is hard to determine the true definition of good and all of the abstractions that can come from these definitions. Both moral theories help me to argue against the subject of animal testing in different ways. Utilitarianism is discussed in an extensive article titled, Animal Rights Theory and Utilitarianism: Relative Normative Guidance. Gary Francione uses this article to explain animal rights along with utilitarianism while discussing the pros and cons of both topics. I will be focusing mainly on the cons of animal testing and the pros of utilitarianism as it pertains to the subject in order to build and shape my argument against animal testing. Peter Singer has his own utilitarian theory that are similar to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, them being utilitarians as well. Singer believes that the consequences of the contemplated act are the ones that matter as opposed to those that follow. Francione writes, Pleasure and pain matter because they are a part of what humans and nonhumans desire or prefer or seek to avoid. In Animal Liberation, Singer argues that in assessing the consequences of our actions, it is necessary to take the interests of animals seriously and to weigh any adverse affect on those interests from human actions as part of the consequences of those actions. I believe the most important part of this sections of the article is how Singer believes speciesism is discrimination just as sexism or racism is. This is an important part of my argument because this stresses how if we are not able to discriminate against humans, what makes it right to harm or take the lives of animals? Humans are not of a higher power over any other species and were never personally given the right to take the lives of other living things unless it was a necessity to survive. One may argue that animal testing is done in order to allow humans to endure a longer life by finding ways to cure cancer or other life-threatening diseases, but with the technology that has evolved, we must use those resources to prevent health and medical issues instead of taking the lives of other species. The article continues on the say, For Singer, the rightness or wrongness of conduct is determined by consequences, and not by any appeal to right. Francione then writes, Singer opposes most animal experimentation, only because he thinks that most animal experiments produce benefi ts that are insufficient to justify the animal suffering that results. This is also an important part of the article because this helps to emphasize how animal testing does not have an end result of happiness for all of those concerned. The Hastings Center Report from The Ethics of Animal Experimentation and Research, written by Strachan Donnelley and Kathleen Nolan explored the complex ethical issues surrounding animal testing in depth. With deontology focusing solely on the immediate decision of whether an action is good or bad, ignoring the following consequences, Tom Regan is a contemporary deontologist that believes animals have a significant moral status and that any animal testing or experimentation is immoral and must be avoided at all costs. The article reads, The deontological emphasis on respect and justice for the individual often underlies the judgment that it is wrong to be callous or casual about the use of animals even where those attitudes dont result in actual harm, (Donnelly Nolan 6). This is important to understand because deontology explains that even if there is no harm caused during the process of animal testing, it is still immoral to act on them for experimentation. Personally, I believe the utilitarian argument against animal testing is a better argument. In the article I used to create my deontological argument, Donnelly and Nolan also discussed the utilitarian views. It reads, Probably the most common justification is that the benefits gained from such research far outweigh the suffering of experimental animals, (Donnelly Nolan 4-5). It continues to say on page 5 that, Unless one is prepared to argue that animals simply lack the capacity for morally relevant interests and desires, any consistent form of utilitarianism that includes pleasures, suffering, or interests in its account of good must accord sentient animals a significant moral status. Overall, the utilitarian argument is a better argument as opposed to deontological theories because the definition on its own speaks for all species. Anyone who is involved must be accounted for in any action to promote happiness in utilitarianism while deontology focuses on good or bad actions without focusing on the following consequences. If animal testing was to be done to find a cure for cancer, and the animal ended up losing its life, a deontologist would say that the decision was good or moral because they found a cure for cancer and did not focus on the animals life following the experiment. A utilitarian would make the decision to not test on the animal because it would cause the opposite of happiness for all species or living things involved. I personally believe that the human species should refrain from acting on animals for the sake of their own species. The utilitarian position provided a clear and concise argument against animal testing while deontology leaves a lot of unanswered questions.

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Karl Marx and Max Weber free essay sample

Sociology stands on the foundation established by the two of many theorists, Max Weber and Karl Marx. However, it has not endured the same over the past few years. The United States has progressed in Sociological Theory and research, for the better. In this paper I intend to compare and contrast two theorist of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Karl Marx and Max Weber have a lot of similarities and differences through capitalism, their view through economy, and lastly their religion. Karl Marx was born on May 5th 1818, in the city of Trier, Germany. Marx, as a seventeen year old, went to the University of Bonn to major in Law. While Marx was still in school he became engaged to a woman named Jenny Von Westphalen. Jenny’s father, Baron Von Westphalen, gave him ideas to research and get involved with Romantic Literature and Saint-Simonian politics, not much later Marx had relocated by his own father to the University of Berlin where he studied Hegelianism influenced by Ludwig Ferbach and many other Hegelians. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx and Max Weber or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was so grateful for G. W. F Hegal’s dialectics and mental thought of philosophy of Law. Later on in 1841, Marx finally earned his doctorate over the materialism and Atheism of Greek god atomists. The author claims that Marx saw civil Society as the sphere to be studied in order to understand the historical development of human kind (European graduate school). Another important theorist was Max Weber. Born in 1864 Germany.

Culture and diversity Final Flashcard

Culture and diversity Final

Book Cover Design Create AMAZING Covers in Just 7 Steps

Book Cover Design Create AMAZING Covers in Just 7 Steps Book Cover Design: Your 7-Step Guide to an Unforgettable Cover A great book cover design, at its most basic level, is something that will help readers take you and your book seriously. Online retailers like Amazon do not distinguish between traditional and self-published books - which means independent authors are often competing again Big 5 publishers. If your book stands a chance at succeeding, its design has to match or, if possible, exceed what the major companies are putting out.In this post, we will look at how you can design a book cover by yourself. We’ll then look at why you should consider professional cover design before revealing how you can find and collaborate with your ideal designer.How to design a book cover in 7 stepsBook cover design is a complex balance of images, text, and information - and you need someone who understands how each of these elements interacts with the others to best sell your book. How to design your own book cover (if you absolutely have to) But if you do decide to make your own cover, here are 7 steps that you’ll want to follow.1. Find inspiration and ideas for your coverApart from your ability to execute a design, the most important aspect of book covers is their ability to connect with the target market: that is, the people who are likely to buy the kind of title you’re writing. Therefore, your first stop for inspiration should always be the other books in your genre. Let us know your thoughts and questions about book cover design in the comments below.

Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department Essay - 1

Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Essay Example Today, various agencies of the United States government are tasked to implement goals of the government from the federal to the local level. Prior to the creation of these agencies, governing rules and regulations are in place to guide the bodies respectively with the common intention to uphold the rights and privileges of the United States citizens. However, it is also the role of the government to protect its agencies and programs in order to make them sustainable and useful for the people. The growth and increase of staff and employees of bureaucracies makes agencies prone to small as well as large-scale fraudulent activities from the seemingly innocent loss of office supplies to massive questionable contracts that are too obvious to keep away public attention. Thus, the creation of monitoring bodies that aside the main cabinets with its officials and employees, secondary agencies like shadows were also put in place to check and balance the activities of these agencies whether these were in the benefit of the government and the public it serves, or otherwise. This focuses on the analysis of the tasks of the Special Agent for the Office of Inspector General for U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, that is aimed to address the rapid urbanization and the development of housing and community. It is then discusses how their agents or employees are basically hired to prevent waste, fraud, abuse as well as mismanagement of government programs and operations withi n their operating agency.

Criminological theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminological theory - Research Paper Example The best explanation to this particular thought can be derived by comparing and contrasting the three most applied dimensional theories in criminology, i.e. the biological theories of crime, the psychological theories of crime and the sociological theories of crime. The most apparent dissimilarities of the explanations rendered by these theories concerning crime are inherent in their diverse and often, countering assumptions. For instance, the biological theories assume that individuals commit criminal offences particularly due to physical characteristics, which are gifted by the parents to their children, or are inherited through ancestry. Therefore, the biological explanation to the causes of crime focuses largely on genetic, anatomical and psychological irregularities. On the other hand, psychological and sociological explanations advocate that social factors and economic difficulties cause significant psychological pressures on individuals. These pressures further result in stres s within individuals, persuading them to commit crime. Notably, the biological theories, with its given assumptions, indirectly tend to counter the notion or approach taken by the modern governments concerning correctional policies for criminals. However, rationalizing the same, psychological and sociological theories explain that by bringing certain changes in social and economic structure of a particular region, the government can control crime rates. Based on these predicaments, guided by the assumptions of the biological, sociological and psychological theories of crime, this study will aim at comparing and contrasting the central idea of these concepts, taking into account the historic developments in criminology since ages. Defining Criminology Edwin H. Sutherland had once affirmed that criminology is a form of knowledge which considers crime as a social trend. It principally included the cycle of creating laws to restrict crime, violating laws by criminals conducting offences and then reacting towards the contravention of the laws to further discourage any repeat occurrence of similar incidents. As can be inferred from the statement, criminology, in respect of criminal laws, is a cyclical process which aims to obtain a structured and definitive policy framework to restrict repeat occurrences of crime. Since ages, criminologists have adopted research methods from a variety of societal and behavioral sciences to postulate a particular guideline that can aid in further development of the laws by measuring the kind of offences, criminals’ behavioral traits as well as influences and victims’ characteristics, using different procedures (DeMelo, 1999). Brief Description of the Criminal Law Significance of the criminal law has been a priority to governmental bodies since centuries, to maintain a healthy and sustainable societal development process. In the medieval ages, though, criminal laws were designed to reward greater control of socio-cultura l and geo-political structure to the authoritative bodies. Reportedly, the initiation of criminology theories dates back to over 3500 years before in the history of human civilization, around 1792 BC with the establishment of the code of Hammurabi. The code was adopted from Babylonian and Hebrew laws that were in practice during the early 2000 BC (Vito & Maahs,

Paradise Lost And Frankenstein Theology Religion Essay

Paradise Lost And Frankenstein Theology Religion Essay Despite being written more than a century apart, Paradise Lost and Frankenstein, share the idea of individuals limitations. As classic science fictions, both books seek to express individuals over the control of a higher authority. In Paradise Lost, John Milton, questions the religious idea of predestination that says every individuals life is perfectly designed by God, and therefore one should happily accept his or her identity. During the 18th century, England empowered churches and priests as messengers of God, and Milton despised the corruption and injustice he saw in these Catholic churches. Through Paradise Lost, Milton celebrates individuals who challenge a higher authority and are willing to shape their own identity. Under the influence of John Milton, Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in 1818 in which people are armed with science technology to challenge authority of nature or God. Although both books celebrate protagonists strong will to search and shape their identity, the b ooks still reflect the authors concerns that individuals cannot actually shape their identity that had been already determined by predestination or a higher authority. In Paradise Lost, although Satan declares a revenge on God by ruining his plan on humanity, God always has Satan under his eyes and has authority to trump anything Satan has done. Unlike Satan, the creature in Frankenstein is not always under control or watch by his creator, Victor, but ultimately fails to change his identity of being a monster regardless of how hard he tries to be like a human being. As these books assert the existence of a God or creator, the books depict that individuals in any part of human history cannot shape their authentic identity given by a higher authority because although characters who perceived predetermination attempts to change it by doing what they can do the best, the predestined identity and fate remain still regardless of their best attempts. Although Satan is known for his evilness, his evil identity is conspicuously designed by Miltons God who eliminates all Satans choices except committing sins. In Miltons Paradise Lost, God is the most authoritative figure and often expressed as the will of whole universe. Satan, who desires to escape from God, has to make a false vision in order to reject the influence from God. After his fall from heaven, Satan made a speech to gather and encourage his fellow-demons. During his speech, Satan suggests that it is tyrannical for the  Son to rule over the angels, because the angels are self-begot, self-raisd / By our own quickning power (5.860-61). This is first deception Satan creates to cancel the fact that God is the creator of all angels. This false expression indicates while Satan knows he is ruled by God, he pretends to be out of Gods influence. Swayed by this false sophistry, the demons, and even Satan himself are deluded to believe the false belief. Miltons God does not taking their strengths when defeated. Giving hope that Satan and devils still have chance to overcome God, God rather prevents devils from repenting and receiving forgiveness. By choosing to follow Satans false reasoning, the rebel angels lose all choice in whether they will repent to return to Heaven, and perhaps do not even realize that they are given a chance of repentance. Under Gods machination, they do not have choice because Gods false hope makes them chose to have no choice, but commit sins. The demons wills are not conquered by God but instead their wills are voluntarily surrendered to Him. Satans false claiming that the angels are self-created further deprives Satans will by making him a creator of sort that his creation is a privation. Sin is his self-begotten creation, and with Death, they compose an unholy, sinful trinity. With Sin and Death, Satan, as an inversion of God, is prevented from creating anything good and allowed to create only Miserie, uncreated till the crime (6 .268-69). As Satans choice to be good is initially limited by God and evilness is what Satan is entirely composed of by his false claim, the destiny of Satan is already shaped to be nothing but evil. Despite the fact that Satan is limited by careful designs of God, he still shows a sign of independence by using material objects to support him. Raphael explains to Adam and Even that Gods creations are more refined, more spirituous, and pure, / as nearer to him placed or nearer tending (5.475-476). If Raphael is true, then conversely, Satan must become less refined, spirituous, and pure once Satan turns away from God. However, in the hell, Satan is still ambitious and willing to challenge against   God with his spear and shield. As Satan takes his material arms in a war against God, these weapons are symbols of Satans unconquerable will against Gods will. Using his spear as a crutch to support [his] uneasy steps, as he moves around in hell, Satan, instead of returning to God and seeking for forgiveness, puts his faith in his material things (1.295). Falling with his weapons in hell, Satan never loses faith that his unconquerable will is capable of contravening Gods will. Satans unconquerable will to interrupt Gods plan is also highlighted when Satan enters Eden as a cormorant and wolf and approaches to Adam and Eve first as a lion, tiger, then as a serpent (4.402-08). The change of Satans physical appearance might indicate that Satan is actually being less refined, spirituous, and pure as he turns more against God. However, it also signifies that despite the insignificant physical shape of Satan, he does accomplish his own goal of corrupting Adam and Eve. In addition, Miltons God is omniscient, knowing all that happens and all that will happen, but consequently, God can be seen as tyrannical and cruel in not preventing evil. The success of Satans mission might reflect that God allows Satan to execute his free-will of ruining Gods plans. However, Satans belief in freewill is rather a delusion that he cannot act apart from God and all acts he performs serve Gods service. When Satan returns to hell after corrupting Adam and Eve, he does not receive victory cheers. Instead, he hears a universal hiss as he and his fellow devils transform into serpents. Punished by God, Satan receives punish in the shape he sind, and the rest of the rebels are like in punishment, / As in thir crime (10.516, 544-5). The punishment of this group of sinners reflects that as a poetic justice, Gods justice dispenses punishments that are appropriate to the crimes they committed. The punishment by God further suggests that the rebels punishments are fitting as they choose to be governed by Satan and refuse to be governed by God. The fact that God punished them for their decision indicates that although their actions seem free from God, the result of their actions, the poetic justice, is always held by God. In this sense, a demon gets what he wil ls, but having his will accomplished is always followed by a punishment because what he wills falls short of Gods will. Another instance that Satans freewill actually does not exist is Miltons description of Satan through Paradise Lost. Milton began his epic with pseudo-heroic size of Satan as that of Typhon or Leviathan (1.201). Although Satan is a fallen angel, Milton left his majesty and glory as archangel to provide God with a worthy adversary. However, all the appearances he takes on after fall lesson this angelic nobility; he transforms into a cormorant, lion tiger, toad, and at last serpent. As Satan chooses to appear baser as time progresses, there is gradual decrease in a sinful wills power. His transformation displays an unregenerate aspect of the sinner. Satan did will to be a serpent, and his followers willed for him to corrupt Adam and Eve. However, once they commit sins, their wills are slavishly subjected to the sin that there is no chance of way-out from the sin. Thus, they repeat their sins involuntarily, reminding the results of devils decision to have no choice. Ultimately, the poet shows the abysmal fate of Satan that his will is annihilated as one becomes further enveloped in sin, for his will cannot be redirected from sin after God prevents him from being good. With all these careful plans by God, God not only has the power to trump what Satan uses evil actions of Satan as a part of his plan. By the end of the book, Raphael opens the idea of the fortunate fall, that the corruption of Adam and Eve is also in a way an act that brings more goodness to creation, for it leads to the coming of the Messiah who makes evil turn to good (12.471). Although Satan initially attempts to corrupt Adam and Eve to create evil and disorder in the universe, his will of creating evil actually falls under Gods plan of salvation for humanity. Therefore, when it comes to Satans proud action, it is really Gods will being done, not his, though Satan never realizes this fact. Finally, Satans belief in free-will is rather a delusion that he cannot act apart from God since all acts are performed in Gods service. Satan is rather a very tragic figure whose actions against God in exchange of his own punishments are actually used to serve Gods plans. While Miltons God is almost impossible to overcome, in Frankenstein, the creature seems to have more control over his situations. However, the creature, too, falls to the victim of predetermination by his creator, Victor. Since the time of being created by Victor, the creature is rejected by his creator and world and does not seem to have a place in the world. Since the beginning of his life, the creature is be already abandoned before he knows anything about the world he enters. When the creature muttered some inarticulate sounds, and his hand was stretched out to his creator, Victor refuses to listen and escapes the laboratory (59). In this scene, the creature is portrayed like a baby, who cannot speak a word, but stretch his hands to father for a protection. The rejection by his creator, Victor, indicates that there is already a gap between the actual creature and the imagined creature by the creator. This gap, which the creature does not perceive yet, already reflects the creature as unwanted life and abortion from Victor and his world. Victors first idea of creation and rebirth is somewhat ideal and beautiful, an art work only allowed to God. When Victor with knowledge of science created a life, the created life is rather false and ugly, pointing out that peoples imaginations that sound really appealing can be horrific when brought to the world. The rejection of Victor is therefore significant that the monster is not only rejected by his deformed physicality but also rejected by the fact that he is a resemble of false, imaginative ideas that must only stay in unreal world, in peoples imaginations. In this Mary Shelleys world of science fiction, the creature is able to be brought to the real world with scientific imagination, but since the creature is a false product of scientific imagination, he has no place to belong in the world. The creature is an outlier in the world and cannot shape his identity because his identity is free to be changed only in unreal world and in imagination of Victor. The view of the creature as the unwanted becomes more evident as the creature makes inarticulate sounds like a baby to communicate with his creator. Victors refusal to understand or co mmunicate with the creature suggests that the creatures link with Victor, which is the only connection the creature is born with, can easily fall apart, leaving the creature with no connection to the world, and therefore isolating him from the real world. Regardless of the creature is able to perceive or not, there is again a gap or loss of connection between the creature and the world. In addition to Victors rejection, even the nature of the real world seems to reject the creature. When the narrative is turned to the creature, he describes his experience of first entering the world: The light became more and more oppressive to me; I sought a place where I could receive shade (105). In Frankenstein, light is often a symbol of virtue and life which people use it to celebrate a new birth or goodness. The creature, however, finds more comfort in darkness than light, evidence that he does not seem to fit into the world. Light is rather a torture or discomfort for him that nature does not welcome him for entering the world. As the creature is rejected both in terms of nurture and nature, he clearly does not belong to the world. The idea that the creature does not belong to the world continues even after the creature becomes conscious of his surroundings. After gaining knowledge and human sense, the creature realizes that Satan had his companions, fellow-devils, to admire and encourage him, but [he] is solitary and abhorred (133). The creatures attempts for self-extension, for connection with community do not seem to work at all; as Satan has evilness to have fellow devils and belong to hell, the creature has labeled identity of a monster to belong to its category. It is a tragic irony that while ones original identity guides one to ones original community, there is no such thing as original community for the creature, who does not initially belong to the world. For the creature, the chance of belonging to this world is never given because it is Victor and society that attributes his labeled identity, forcing him to belong somewhere else. Despite his initial rejection from his creator and the world, the creature develops hope to be part of community. Without help of his creator, the creature educates himself to be closer to humankind. The creatures desire to be accepted and assimilated is apparent when he speaks his feelings toward cottagers: The more I saw of them, the greater became my desire to claim their protection and kindnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to see their sweet looks directed towards me with affection was the utmost limit of my ambition (134). His desire to be a part of the cottagers lives, to have them accept and love him, illustrates a tangible connection felt between the creature and the rest of the humanity. The creature goes on to say I required kindness and sympathy; but I did not believe myself unworthy of it (134). The creature believes himself capable and even worthy of both emotional and psychological reciprocation and by extension, capable of existing in harmony with the rest of humankind. The creature confirms his belief by educating himself, showing that at least there is an opportunity for him to assimilate to the morals and ethics of humankind. The product of his self-education seems fruitful when the creature talks with Victor persuasively: my food is not that of man; I do not destroy the lamb and the kid to glut my appetite; acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment (148). Without the teaching from his creator, the creature is able to discern moral right and wrong. The creature is able to form his own code of behavior on example and the behavior he views from others despite the lack of formal education. This is notable that his instinctive sense of morality comes without any help of creator, and although his morality is not inborn, it is obtainable by the creature. Further knowledge on virtue and vice is given to the creature through the books: I read of men concerned in public affairs governing or massacring their species. I felt the greatest ardor for virtue ris e within me, and abhorrence for vice (131). The presence of a creator is again absent from his education, yet he is capable of developing a thoroughly structured sense of morality and ethics. His ardor for virtue and abhorrence for vice is a basis for strong intellectual development, as well as, being skillful in human relations, the end goal of the creatures self-education. His capability of changing himself by learning indicates that the creature is not an incommunicable evil monster by inherent constitution. He is rather born unformed without any shaped identity. Therefore, as he absorbs the characteristics of humans, he feels to be closer to mankind. Despite the creatures effort to be closer to mankind, his constructed inner-personality is easily overridden by his deformity, and ultimately cannot depart from predetermination by his creator, Victor. The fall of his inner-personality occurs when the creature is shot by a boy after the creature saves a girl. The feelings of kindness and gentleness which I had entertained but a few moments before, gave place to hellish rage and gnashing of teeth. Inflamed by pain, I vowed eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind (143). The sudden turnover of creatures personality from kindness and gentleness to hatred and vengeance suggests how easily his constructed virtue and inner-personality to be a person can be replaced as if his efforts are worthless. Regardless of his efforts in creating his inner-personal identity, the labeled physical monstrosity overlaps his self-construction and even brings him back to his initial status, a rejected and isolated life from the world. The insignificance of his self-education becomes more apparent when Victor replays his rejection to the creature: Begone! I will not hear you. There can be no community between you and me (103). The repetition of Victors rejection is evidence that there is not much change in the creatures connection to the world after his self-education. Although the creature learns the value of virtue and community, Victor denies the creatures needs when he insists that there is no community. As the creatures efforts turn out to be futile, the creator, Victor, seems to be the only one who can save the creature from misery. Even though the creature renounces all his virtue and passion to revenge on Victor after destroying his mate, Victors death, the loss of creator, does not allow him to be independent from misery: in his murder my crimes are consummated; the miserable series of my being is wound to its close (221). While Victor is the creatures source of agony, Victor has been the only relationship he actually has i n the world. The death of Victor represents the loss of core link between the creature and the world, which allows him at least to stay in the world. His demise, in fact, brings the complete isolation of the creature in the world and therefore his own annihilation in the world. The classic science fictions reflect that overcoming the creator or a higher authority is near impossible, and even if one defeats ones creator, what left is ones self-annihilation because one is directly connected with the creator. The scientific imaginations from classic science fiction do not provide actual freedom or extension of independence beyond the limit of the world. In classic science fictions, the freedom of imagination rather brings down the individual by imagining a higher authority in form of supernatural. Therefore, at the time of classic science fiction, the ideas of science fiction are powerful tool to erase existing boundaries in oneself, but seem to paralyze one by giving new boundaries, that are taller than the old boundaries.

Existentialism :: essays research papers

Existentialism has been defined as a philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual existence, freedom and choice that influences many diverse writers in the 19th and 20th centuries. The philosophical term existentialism came from Jean Paul Sartre, a French philosopher. He combined the theories of a select few German philosophers, the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, the metaphysics of G.W.F. Hegel and Martin Heidegger, and the social theory of Karl Marx. This philosophy became a worldwide movement. One phenomenon of this theory is its proliferation. Since its creation it has remained a part of contemporary thought. One explanation for this is its applicability to contemporary life and society. It focuses on the utter existence of man itself. According to Sartre, a true existentialist believes there is no God and thus man becomes alone with only ourselves as a guide to making the decisions that define our existence. Our existence not only defines, but also must be defined. Subjectivism provides this definition. Subjectivity refers to the radical freedom to choose with or without a God, but also that this radical freedom becomes a responsibility to use or not use. Another definition, provided by Webster’s dictionary defines existentialism as a philosophical movement especially of the 20th century that stresses the individual position as self determining agent responsible for his or her own choices. It becomes very clear through the definitions provided, that existentialism focuses on two things, the individual and choice. Breaking apart the word itself, you come up with another word, exist, to have actual being, and also existent, which is to have existence. The suffix –ism denotes and action or practice. A minimal definition of existentialism might be, an individual practicing his or her right to make choices for him/herself, not communally, during their existence. The acceptance of responsibility for the decisions made must also be a part of this practice since making choices comes with the implication of responsibility. This way of thinking is similar to the teachings of Socrates and his theory of objective reality.

Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage

Chronister recalled knowing Mr. Rob was â€Å"the one† that night, and Mr. Rob admitted to feeling â€Å"inadequate†¦ ‘ didn't think I had a shot in hell with her. † He decided to pursue her anyway, and said they were inseparable from that night forward. After dating for six months, the couple moved in together and cohabitated for the next 12 years. During that time, they both pursued degrees, Mr. Rob in criminal law and Mrs. Chronister in Biology. Once Mrs. Chronister completed her degree in the summer of 1995, the couple decided to wed. ecause of how their bills nd property were titled, they decided that Mrs. Chronister would not take Mr. Rob's name after marriage. The couple has no children but consider their two dogs, Buster and Baxter, their children. Mr. Rob is an attorney, and Mrs. Chronister is a substance abuse counselor. When asked to identify the greatest strengths in their marriage, strength. Both feel they can go to each other with any issue, and said they have a high level of mutual respect for one another. When asked to describe conflict resolution within their marriage, Mrs.Chronister reported that while they are both strong-willed and highly opinionated individuals, they respect each other's opinions and points of view and strive to find a common ground. Mr. Rob said it's all about â€Å"negotiating. † When asked what role spirituality and faith played in the success of their marriage, Mrs. Chronister said while she is very spiritual, Mr. Rob is much more religious and attends church alone. Mrs. Chronister added that they both hold Christian values and believe you should be kind to everyone no matter what their past is.They agreed that they both strive to be good people and help others when they are in need. When asked to describe the nature of their relationship with their in-laws, they both reported that neither set of in-laws agreed with their cohabitation and that it caused tension on both sides. The couple s aid once their parents realized that they were being responsible, working adults and getting educations, they â€Å"eased up† and accepted their relationship. Mrs. Chronister said she is very close to Mr. Rob's father and was close with his mother before she passed away.Mr. Rob reported feeling close to Mrs. Chronister's parents as well. Concerning roles in the marriage and the challenges associated with those, the couple described Mr. Rob as the breadwinner but much more irresponsible with handling money. Mrs. Chronister handles all finances and pays the bills. Neither of them felt their roles created challenges; Mrs. Chronister said if something comes up where they have a major bill or a vacation to save for, Mr. Rob will give her the money to save and that he doesn't do anything irresponsible with their money.When asked about one of the biggest challenges they went through as a couple, they agreed it was Mrs. Chronister's prior addiction to methamphetamine. She reported be ing sober for 7 years and 5 months as of October 20th, 2013, but said she spiraled out of control during her active drug use. Mrs. Chronister was arrested for distributing and manufacturing methamphetamine, and served 2 h years in prison for the charges. Mr. Rob recalled Mrs. Chronister â€Å"disappearing for days weeks at a time, pawning our things†¦ she Just had no control and I felt so lost.I had no idea where my wife had gone. † Mrs. Chronister said Mr. Rob â€Å"ran around trying to save me, but he couldn't. It took me wanting to change and save myself. † She said he stood by her side through all of it, and visited her every opportunity he had while she was in prison. When asked to discuss their philosophy on marriage and what they considered to be the most important parts, Mrs. Chronister said friendship was the most important part. Mr. Rob agreed, and added that finding a common ground and compromising with each other was equally important.

The Classical Hollywood Style By American Cinema - 1250 Words

American cinema seemingly dominates the movie industry globally and has developed a structure of its own that has influence visual storying telling every where, however, one can find a variation of this structure or even no structure at all when taking a closer look at certain foreign films and how they decide to tell a story. When viewing the critically acclaimed Three Colors: Red, a french movie that is apart of a larger anthology, I noticed that the film did not strictly follow the structure of the Classical Hollywood Style, but instead was seemingly influenced by American cinema provided that it achieved similar results typically seen with the use of Classical Hollywood Style such as having a change in the characters and having the†¦show more content†¦The momentum of a movie is also driven by a series of events that typically, as in the Classical Hollywood Style, displays the normal life of the characters, or an equilibrium, that subsequently gets turned upside down or thrown off by an event, or disrupted, and sends the protagonist and other characters on a journey that leads them to a new equilibrium; this paradigm is seen within the movie and is what leads the characters to change. The opening of the movie not only introduces the audience to the theme of being connected to one another by visually traveling through telephone wires to meet our protagonist Valentine, but also establishes our main characters and the lives they lead. The audience discovers in the first ten minutes that Valentine juggles a long distance relationship, ballet lessons, and a career as a model. Additionally, the audience is introduced to Auguste who is a student studying crime to become a judge and who is a boyfriend to a supportive woman named Karen. Furthermore, Kern is introduced to the audience when Valentine hits his dog with her car subsequently after the movie establishes the normal life of these characters. The pregnant dog becomes the catalyst to the story as itS how MoreRelatedIn Classical Hollywood Cinema, Most Films Are Voyeuristic1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn classical Hollywood cinema, most films are voyeuristic in nature. 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