Hybrid Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hybrid Cars - Research Paper Example Brief Explanation of Hybrid Cars 1 (par.2) Hybrid cars are vehicles that their engines are fusions of both electrical and gasoline engines. Hybrid cars are run on both gasoline and electrical engines and they can alternate between these engines. These hybrid cars make use of both electrical and gasoline engines and these help to provide additional power Advantage of Hybrid cars over gasoline engines 1 (par.3) Hybrid cars have been classified as green products as the presence of the electrical engines have helped to reduce the rate at which greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. The financial benefit of using hybrid cars 2 (par. 4) Joining the effort of world leaders 2 (par. 5) Thus automobile users are encouraged to make use of these hybrid cars as through this, they would contribute to the effort of the world leaders in making sure that the emission of greenhouse gases are brought to the barest minimum. Conclusion 2 (par. 6) Hybrid cars are green products that have been i ntroduced to curb the global warming that is capable of destroying our world. Thus, automobile consumers should join in this course by making use of the hybrid cars.

Examining Effective Leadership Styles

Examining Effective Leadership Styles Throughout history of health care policy makers they were challenged to develop powerful leadership skills for future nurses leaders. Therefore there was a need to develop different contemporary leadership styles and behaviors, other than those theories known before. Contemporary leadership styles is not just a group of skills or missions, it is rather an attitude that value on the collaboration and effective teamwork. Contemporary leadership is dynamic relationship that will lead the leaders and followers to a higher level of moral and teamwork development. (Lanier Rose, 2008). Effective leaders as reflected in this literature of leadership, is one who is having the ability to create a healthy environment that will affect the motivation, efficiency, and effectiveness of their employees. In addition a good leader needs to have different leadership styles and attitude, and need to know in which situation he/she can evidence a particular approach. Furthermore in order for good leaders to drive their organization forward they need to practice authority, and help their employees to motivate, plan, lead, control, organize and achieve their goals and activities. (Jenkins, 2009). This paper covers briefly seven contemporary leadership styles: quantum leadership, charismatic leadership, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, shared leadership, and servant leadership. Also in this assay I will discusses and examine effective leader from throughout the literature and how leaders can develop effective leadership styles that will impact successfully on the organization. Mainly by exploring and comparing between two famous forms of contemporary leadership approaches, the transactional and transformational leadership styles. Thin I will focus on my writing on one of the nursing leaders that inspired me, what were her leadership styles, and what makes her a good leader in my view, and what I think she was lacking as a leader. Contemporary leadership styles Quantum leadership is based on important strategies, such as building capacity, thinking, planning, and working in collectively. In one of the research study program conducted by Jennifer Milewski, she developed seven drives of effective quantum leadership which are building strong community relationship, open the way for the community initiative, find source of power in society, deal with difficult and complicated tasks, build relationships with other systems, motivate employee for continuous learning, and bring the future to the present. (Milewski, 2006). What makes quantum good is that the leadership is shared activity and skills between the leader and employee in the health care system because all the staff and patient can have access to the information not only the leader. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Leaders how are having charismatic personality characterizes by being dynamic, with attractive and magnetic personality, and they inspire their followers through their speech. What makes this style strong and powerful is that people follow the leader speech regardless of the content of their message without the need for providing evidence and they usually value religion and politics more than facts, on the other hand charismatic is limited because followers today are more knowledgeable and aware and they will not listen to any leader easily without providing evidence based practice. (Mc Crimmon, 2007). Martin Luther King is good example for this style. Transactional leadership is about exchanging socially whereby the leader and follower are expected to give and receive social, political, physiological, and economical benefit. In this style leaders are expected to motivate, enhance and meet their employee goals, objectives, and loyalty within the scope of their practice and policy, moreover transactional leader work on day to day operation, it is like when you are asked to work overtime hours and on the other hand you expect to receive bonus. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Transformational leadership as defined by Burns is based on motivating, inspiring and empowering both leader and follower, and to work side by side to achieve and maintain the vision and preferred future. Transformational leader see themselves as a changing agent, lifelong learner, believes in people and able to handle and manage complex task. Transactional leadership has been the basis for the nursing administration curriculum. (Malloch Porter, 2006). Relational leadership or connective leadership as introduced by Klakovich is based on flexible management that will motivate health care team, clients, and families. She also explained that this approach focuses in creating and strengthens interconnection between and among multidisciplinary team. (Klakovich, 1994). The manager usually shows relational leadership element when convening the multidisciplinary team to plan or change the patient care program, and this will break the hierarchical relationship and lead all member to develop leadership at all level in the organization. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Shared leadership is based on the principle of relationships, partnerships, discussion, and understanding the limit. This approach shares the managing and leading responsibilities between two or more leaders since they donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t expect that one leader has the ability and knowledge to handle and manage all tasks effectively. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Servant leadership approach is suggested to support nursing staff in patient care where extra expectation and support are required from the managers, it is also ensure quality nursing care where there is increase the demand on nursing work force. In health care environment ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s believed that the work will be enhanced and be more effective with more servant- oriented management approach. (Jenkins Stewart, 2010). By the end, each leadership model is attempting to persuade the followers to follow their management strategies for the greater success of the organization. Effective leader and leadership Leadership is defined in many way but all of them agree that it is a process that influence individual, team, or the community to achieve their goal. It can be formal or informal depending on the leader authorities and personal skills. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Effective leader must be able to influence, empower, and motivate the follower to participate for the effectiveness of the organization. (Chen, Beck, Amos, 2005). Mcshane and Vonglinow in 2005 listed some important characteristic and skills for effective leadership, those include but not limited to intelligent, confidence, motivation, knowledgeable about the business, integrity, command and emotional intelligent, and these skills will enable the leaders to be effective and strong with any leadership style they are following. One reason that might affect the development of effective leader is when a new leader is surprised that people who promoted them are not following, especially in health care system where leadership position is given without strong educational background and experience. Therefore the leader must develop better ways for managing, leading, and convincing their follower. They should be able to negotiate, and satisfy their employees in order to drive the organization forward. (Karlene, 2008). In nursing career leaders who function beyond the classic leadership style are needed, that will provide a direct contact between nurses and their manager in order to create positive work environment specially where retaining nurses are becoming a great challenges. (Amany, Susan, Mary, 2009). Through my reading I realized that effective leader must practice authority, empower and motivate employees to face their fears, and enable them to share in decision making process and by being intelligent in selecting the most effective leadership style that works with different changes in the organization, can have a major impact on the successful of the organization. Moreover maintaining and stabilizing the organization after achieving the success and desired vision is critical for the progression to continue. Transactional and transformational leaderships Many researchers have conducted to examine the most effective model between transactional and transformational leadership theories. The difference between both of them where first recognized by Weber 1998, who said that transactional leadership power is based on controlling the basis of knowledge and leaders usually aim to compromise and negotiate with followers in order to achieve higher efficiency, and they promote subordinates to complete their successful. On the other hand in transformational approach leaders have charismatic character that aim to transform employees and help them to change ways of thinking by using new ideas, and leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and encourage them to solve problems. (Kotlyar, Karakowsky, 2006). Other studies have related transformational and charismatic approaches; both are similar by attracting and enhancing followers. In contrast charismatic inspires followers superficially; however charismatic is certainly a shot of transformational leader. (Bass Bass,2008). what I cant forget and still wander in my mind when she said to me: always follow your intuition and answer the hidden voice inside you, whenever you feel that something wrong is going on with your patient even if you are sure that she is clinically stable, and that is just feeling, dont ignore it and check her continuously till that feeling leave you. Later I realized that sometimes such feeling is harbinger.

Fitting In :: essays research papers

Fitting in Fitting in is an important part of life because it has almost everything to do with turning out in life. Knowing the right people will directly effect a persons life later on, job wise and high school reunions. Part of fitting in is rejection. This happens because when someone does not reject a particular person then they might be rejected for not rejecting that person. "... waking up in the morning and wondering if anyone would really miss me." this is a thought that might course through someone's mind after being rejected. Most people respond differently, Some people might dress and act totally different just to try to "fit in" that way. Most will just forget about that group or single person. I have often observed that people often times try to find out why that person or group rejected them and try to make it better. Being rejected is like someone saying "You do not fit in with us so leave us alone" its a nasty feeling. Some people let others down easy and that is nice of them. Why is it so hard to fit in? There is so much social pressure now that it is getting harder and harder to "fit in". When I say social pressure I mean how to act, look, sound, walk, and so on. Clothes play a very important role in fitting in with the crowd. People say that a first impression is the most important one so people try to make the best first impression by dressing up or showing someone there not. Some people try to stay in fashion, they do this to stand out or be noticed. A huge role in fitting in is changing or, in other words, being someone you are not. To describe this I think of putting on a mask over your whole body. Some people just spend all day "lying there and thinking about all the stupid things I've done today." Lastly, being liked by other people is what "fitting in" is all about. Like I said before, you change yourself, dramatically sometimes, just to fit in. Changing yourself might include dress, hair, self. Changing yourself might just make it harder to fit in so people just stick to what they have changed themselves since they do not know what else to do. Often people wonder "What if I say this to them, well if I say this then they might not like me. Even though...." Emotional stress can damage a person so much they just do not care anymore. Individuals will do amazing things just to achieve "Fitting in" after

Caribbean Music

Music of the Caribbean region differs from island to island. The Caribbean got its name from the term â€Å"Carib†, which is the name of an old Native American ethnic group. Today the region is divided into four different parts: Spanish, French, Dutch, and British Caribbean. The Spanish Caribbean consists of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic; the French Caribbean consists of Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana; the Dutch Caribbean contains Suriname, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Maarteen, and St.  Eustatius; and the British Caribbean is the largest and consists of Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, British Virgin Islands, U. S. Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Turks and Caicos Islands. (CLASS NOTES) The Caribbean has a variety of different instruments and genres that make up its music and dancing culture. Caribbean music has several distinctive characteristics to both its sound and its dancing styles. Their techniques are not predetermined and the musicians improvise as they make their music. Dancers typically do not have a lot of body contact and the waist and pelvic region are the main body of center of attention. Fast rhythmic dancing is a big part of Caribbean dancing. Both music and dancing are influenced from a variety of other worldwide cultures, including African, European, and later Asian. (CLASS NOTES) Caribbean music features complex short combinations of rhythmic patterns. This is demonstrated in video ML 3475 . J88 1995 Vol. 4 : The Caribbean.  One of the most prominent instruments within Caribbean music is the large array of drums, including Steel, Conga, Timbales and Bongo Drums. All these types of drums distribute very different kinds of sounds. The steel pan, also known as a steel drum, is made from oil drums heated and hammered into an instrument with multiple pitches played with rubber-headed mallets (Mahabir). Today, the steel drum is a very sophisticated musical instrument. It is a unique instrument with origins in colonial Trinidad. The steel drum was used as communication for African slaves (Idaho State University). Turns out the steel drum doesn’t only evoke images of beaches and pina coladas. The drums haunting and echoing sound means so much more. The Congo drum is a Cuban barrel-shaped, one-headed hand drum. This instrument is played in sets of two or four. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, which mean each drum possesses its own unique sound. (Demonstrated on CD-2260, Drums defiance) The smallest Congo drum is called Nino and the largest tumba. This type of drum is played by striking the drumhead with one’s fingertips or palms instead of a mallet. The Bongo is a set of small one-headed drums that is held between the musician’s knees and is played by hand like the Congo drum. These drums are also important in Latin music, particularly music deriving from Cuba. (The Bongo Page) Bongo drums usually have a wooden or metal base, and can be tuned by tightening the skin over the drum. The sizes of these drums also vary according to the musician’s preferences. The drums are each named hembra for the larger drum and macho for the smaller drum. These are Spanish words meaning female and male, respectively. Hembra has a much lower tone then macho. The Bongo Page) However, both drums are significantly higher then the Congo drums. Reggae genre was first formed in Jamaica in the 1960’s. This genre of music is based on a rhythmic style, with spurs of off-beats. Typically it is a slower beat, with the guitar, and other instruments such as the drums influencing the sound. It is very similar to â€Å"rock steady† but the use of complex bass line and speed is what separates the two (Bradley). The reggae vocals are less dramatic then the influence from the instruments. It is very common to hear dialects, which could sound slang to some Americans. Something different from most singers is, reggae singers use tremolo (volume oscillation) instead of vibrato (pitch oscillation) (Bradley). The Calypso genre music was started on the Island of Trinidad (Dudley). This genre is also rooted in West African traditional music like Reggae. It was used for different aspects of life, such as communication and also for entertainment. Calypso is generally played on folk instruments such as the guitar, banjo, and other percussions. It is typically heavily rhythmic but still melodic. Since the genre was often used for communication the lyrics were often political in nature, but often masked.

Prominent African-American Mathematicians

Jesse Ernest Wilkins, Jr. exemplifies and is addressed as one of America’s admirable unorthodox mathematicians. He was portrayed as the University of Chicago’s youngest student at the tender age of thirteen. Wilkins proceeded to his education there, earning his bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in mathematics. When he finished his Ph. D. at 19, he was recognized by the national press as a â€Å"negro genius. † (http://www. blackpast. org)Jesse Ernest Wilkins taught at the Tuskegee Institute (1943-1944) prior returning to the University of Chicago to contribute to the Manhattan Project (1944-1946). He then entered industry, advancing to high positions at: American Optical Company (1946-1950), United Nuclear Corporation (1950-1960) and General Atomic Company (1960-1970). He also earned bachelor and master degrees in mechanical engineering from New York University (1957, 1960). In 1970, Wilkins became the Distinguished Professor of Applied Mathematical Physics at Howard University.He was remembered as being very inspirational to his students and for starting Howard’s Ph. D. program in mathematics. (http://www. blackpast. org) J. Ernest Wilkins is a member of various professional societies and has been awarded several honors in his distinguished career including: President of the American Nuclear Society (1974-1975), Council Member of the American Mathematical Society (1975-1977) and Outstanding Civilian Service Medal by the U. S. Army (1980). He has published numerous papers in mathematics, optics and nuclear engineering.His greatest contribution to scholarship is the development of mathematical models to explain gamma radiation and his subsequent work on developing a shielding against gamma radiation. (http://www. blackpast. org) A fifth grade gifted program provided accessibility to William A. Massey to the introduction of Euclidean geometry and number systems of differing bases. His interests in drawing and graphic arts assisted him to comprehend the application of perspective and proportion. In seventh grade, William A. Massey executed an exam involving a type of abstract reasoning.He excelled and exceeded far beyond his classmates on the same exam. Essentially, from that moment, he apprehended the aspiration of becoming a mathematician. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey’s authentic comprehension of mathematics as a researcher initiated as a college student at Princeton University. He specialized in abstract algebra and number theory while acquiring real, complex and functional analysis. He maintained his scientific interests by taking physics courses all four years, as well.William A. Massey was awarded an aggressive Bell Laboratories fellowship that was established to increase the number of minority Ph. D. ’s in the sciences, which paid for his acquisition of the doctorate of philosophy in mathematics at Stanford University. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wi ki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey has made many original contributions as a mathematician by developing a theory of â€Å"dynamical queueing systems†. His research on queueing networks led to new methods of comparing multi-dimensionalone.One of William A. Massey most cited papers progresses an algorithm to find a dynamic, optimal server staffing schedule for telephone call centers with time varying demand and ultimately led to a patent. An additional highly cited paper initiates a dynamic model for the offered load traffic of wireless communication networks. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) In 1925 Elbert Frank Cox was allocated the Doctor of Philosophy degree in mathematics from Cornell and he is the first known Black to receive the Ph. D. in Mathematics in the United States; ultimately, in the world.In September 1925, he accepted a teaching position at West Virginia State College. Elbert Frank Cox remained there four years and in 1929 moved to Howa rd University. Cox remained at Howard until his retirement in 1965 and served as chairman of the Mathematics Department from 1957-1961. In 1975, the Howard University Mathematics Department, at the time of the inauguration of the Ph. D. program, established the Elbert F. Cox Scholarship Fund for undergraduate mathematics majors to encourage young Black students to study mathematics at the graduate level. http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm) While Elbert Frank Cox did not live to see the inauguration of the Ph. D. program at Howard, it is comprehended by various individuals that Cox accomplished plenty to initiate such possibilities.He assisted to build up the department to the point that the Ph. D. program became a practical next step. He gave the department an extensive deal of credibility; primarily due to his personal prestige as a mathematician, due to the fact od exemplifying and exhibiting first Black to acquire a Ph. D. in mathematics, because of the nature and kin ds of appointments to the faculty that were made while he chaired the Department and because of the kinds of students that he attracted to Howard to study mathematics at both the undergraduate and graduate (master's) levels. Cox's portrait hangs in Howard's Mathematics Common Room as a consistent reminder of his contribution to the Mathematics Department, the University and the Community of Scholars in general. (http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm)