Thursday, December 26, 2019

Nietzsche s Views On Religion And Morality - 1166 Words

When it comes to the topic of religion, most of us readily agree that there are certain rules and actions that God requires of his followers. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of why we follow the rules. Whereas some are convinced that following God’s rules leads to heaven, others maintain that religion is only a code of conduct that can get in the way of happiness by stripping us of our passions. In â€Å"Morality as Anti-Nature,† Nietzsche claims that all religions are founded in a moral code of conduct that is supposed to lead to happiness. However, Nietzsche thinks that these religious rules keep people from being happy, because passions are part of what make people happy. I agree with Nietzsche that every religion and morality is founded on a general principle of ‘do this and do that,’ and I also agree that religions and morality do some damage to our passions. However, I think Nietzsche doesn’t realize that religio ns are more than just a code of conduct: they create communities that fulfill a person’s social needs. Nietzsche describes a common religious formula and then explains why the formula is based on a great error. Nietzsche says that â€Å"The most general formula on which every religion and morality is founded is: ‘Do this and that, refrain from this and that – then you will be happy! Otherwise†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Every morality, every religion, is this imperative† (352) Nietzsche claims that every morality and religion’s function is solely a code ofShow MoreRelatedNietzsche And Murdoch s Theme Of Morality978 Words   |  4 Pages Nietzsche and Murdoch’s Theme of Morality One of the nineteenth century’s greatest philosophers is Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche was ideas regarding morality and nature continue to be debated today. Irish Murdoch another great philosopher writer of the 20th century wrote about philosophy regarding religion and nature. Both philosophers discuss the theme of morality in contrasting ways. Nietzsche believes in individual morality from the natural perspective and religion not from nature. MurdochRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche s Influence On Modern Intellectual History And Western Philosophy1559 Words   |  7 PagesFriedman Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, poet, cultural critic, philologist, and a Greek and Latin scholar. His work has had lots of influence on modern intellectual history and Western philosophy in general. It revolved mainly around art, philology, religion and science. He wrote about morality, tragedy, aesthetics, atheism, epistemology and consciousness. However, some of Nietzsche s most profou nd elements of his philosophy include his powerful critique of reason and truth. He arguedRead MoreNietzsche s Philosophy On Personal Life And Education1200 Words   |  5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a German, writer, poet, thinker and philopher. He was renowned for his ideas on the end of religion, existentialism and the concept of good and evil. Nietzsche focused essentially on the end of religion. He once declared that â€Å"God is dead†, a statement that decidedly defied Christianity as well as morality. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he was rapt in the development of â€Å"individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and down-to-earthRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe lasting condition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for o ver 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite the age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remainsRead MoreComparing Nietzsche And Freud On Crime And Punishment931 Words   |  4 PagesConception of civilization in Nietzsche and Freud in relation to crime and punishment Nietzsche critiqued modern civilization since the entire scheme of modern society went against his philosophy. Nietzsche was afraid modern society and religion would bring the individuals to nihilistic voids, as they would eventually turn into uninteresting herds of controlled animals. Nietzsche wishes the individuals to achieve self-awareness, in that individuals would act upon themselves for what they trulyRead MoreGender Inequality And Idealized Beauty Standards1688 Words   |  7 Pagesmore demands on both males and females and is a form of oppression, and her beliefs regarding ideal beauty. Wolf’s ideas surrounding gender inequality relate to Nietzsche s theory regarding master and slave morality and man’s struggle to be a free spirit because those who adhere to society s dictates on ideal beauty also have â€Å"slave morality†. An important aspect of gender inequality are the demands and expectations that are placed on each gender. Males are supposed to be seen as toughRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Friedrich Nietzsche Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesand Friedrich Nietzsche are two widely acclaimed philosophers due to the groundwork they made towards the philosophical principles of morality. However, even though they both have openly discussed their views, they have ended up contradicting each other. Kant implied that morality is not learned, but rather predestined, whereas Nietzsche alluded to a experience based morality, or one that is learned through actions and memories. Although these two men have accepted views of morality, the ideas ofRead MoreBook Report On The Book Le Gai Savoir 1421 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst time I heard about Nietzsche was a few years ago, in my chemistry class. I had a friend who spent all his time, in science classes, reading books about philosophy. His nonconformity caught my attention. I started to be interested by the big mustache of the author on the cover page of his book Le Gai Savoir, because I knew, of course, that all authors with big mustache – such as Victor Hugo and Albert Einstein – wrote about great things! So I started to read Nietzsche s works. Then, one day, myRead MoreStephen Jay Gould And Friedrich Nietzsche1443 Words   |  6 PagesReligion Verses Nature If God is good and if creation reveals his goodness, why do nature’s victims suffer? Is God dead? These are the questions that the two essays from Stephen Jay Gould and Friedrich Nietzsche ask and attempt to answer. Stephen Jay Gould was a well-known professor of geology, zoology and curator of invertebrate paleontology in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. Gould feels that animals are too complex to be compared to humans and deciding what is good andRead MoreNietzches Master and Slave Morality2209 Words   |  9 PagesIn Of the Genealogy of Morality, Nietzsche sought to provide context for what he saw as the central value system of the society in which he lived: slave-morality. Nietzsche saw morality as reflective of the conditions in which its proponents were brought up. He saw the roots of slave morality in oppression and slavery, and posits that it grew as a reaction to the morality of the masters of the time. What follows is a simplified account o f Nietzsche’s master-slave dichotomy, and what he saw as the

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Don Imus Is Decidedly Cute And Catchy - 1266 Words

The jingle is decidedly cute and catchy, both annoying and familiar. You know the tune: one-eight seven seven kars 4 kids. Don Imus was caught ranting about it in 2010 as it played during a commercial break on his radio show. Radio duo Opie and Anthony echoed the sentiment, saying that â€Å"the commercial goes right into your very soul.† The opening segment to a December 2014 Saturday Night Live segment parodying the United States Military torture report joked the earworm was created by the same psychologists who developed the torture techniques and wondered whether the charity helps the kids or the cars. The jingle belongs to a national charitable organization that has a presence in every state, as well as countless billboards, Internet advertisements, and a recently released television commercial (click if you dare) that puts adorable faces to the sweet voices behind the ditty: four goofy-looking kids clad in ’80s-band style clothes, lip-syncing and rocking out on signature-pink guitars. Besides its impeccable branding, the charity blitzes listeners with exciting phrases like â€Å"maximum tax deduction,† â€Å"free vacation voucher,† and the catchy phrase: â€Å"donate your car today.† But the ads conveniently leave out how it all works or where the money goes. And while the SNL clip was a joke, it also raises an obvious question: How exactly do cars go to help kids—and which kids? With rare exceptions, like after Hurricane Sandy, the organization does not issue statements about its

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Business & Corporations Law Vines v ASIC Samples for Students †MyAssi

Question: Discuss about the Business Corporations Law Vines v ASIC. Answer: Introduction The officers and directors in the companies across the globe have been provided the duty through the legislations to work in the best interest of the company, along with a number of other duties. In the same manner, in Australia, the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) enforces various duties on the directors, which have to be followed. The Corporations Act 2001 puts forward such duties for the directors, along with the officers of the company (Latimer, 2012). The rationale behind enforcing these duties on the officers and directors is that the company is managed by or under the directions given by the officers and directors. The officers and directors are in a position of trust and their position enables them to use it for their private welfare. Some of the duties covered in this act relate to the duty of care, good faith, use of position, etc (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2017). Vines v ASIC [2006] NSWSC 760 is one of such cases, where the duty of care, set out under the governing act, was breached by the officer of the company. Through this judgment, a clarification was given by the court regarding the responsibilities of the officers of the company, especially in cases relating to the forecasts of the profit during takeover (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2006). The following parts cover a detail of this case. Vines v ASIC (2006) In this case, Geoffrey William Vines was the previous CFO, aka the chief financial officer in GIO Australia Holdings Limited. It was alleged that Vines had contravened the duty of care, when it came to drawing the forecasts regarding the profits, under the takeover bid (Jacobson, 2007). In 2011, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, aka ASIC initiated the civil proceedings against Vines. This was in addition to the initiation of proceedings against Timothy John Henry, as well as, Francis Timothy Robertson, both of whom were the executives in the company. The proceedings were started regarding the Part B Statement which was published in the year of 1998 by GIO Australia Holdings Limited and that time, the takeover bid was being carried on (Piper Alderman, 2007). This particular statement contained a profit forecast of $80 million, particularly from the reinsurance division of the GIO Australia Holdings Limited. At the same time though, the reinsurance division of the company faced some major allegations due to the hurricane which struck in September 1998, i.e., Hurricane Georges, at both the Puerto Rico and the Virgin Island (Webster and Swan, 2007). One of the sections, i.e., section 232(4) of the previous applicable act, i.e., the Corporations Law 1989 was claimed to have been violated by Vines and the other two executives and this is often considered as the predecessor of the Corporations Act, 2001s section 181(1), along with section 232(2) of the old act (Webster and Swan, 2007). This section put a duty on the directors and officers to act with good faith and the same was a civil obligation. The issue was mostly related to the rationality of including the $80 million profit forecast, due to the claims and accusations pertaining to the exposure to Georges (Piper Alderman, 2007). In this case, it was held that Vines had contravened four different provisions under the previous Corporations Act as he failed in disclosing the relevant information to the company even when he was obligated to do so, due to his position of CFO in the company. In face of the allegations, Vines pleaded honesty defense as per section 1317S (Stephens Lawyers Consultants, 2007). Duties Breached Section 232 (2) of the Corporations Act 1989 puts an obligation over the officers of the particular body corporate to act in an honest manner, at all times, while exercising the powers which have been given to them, and also while discharging the obligation or duties which have been put on them due to the office they hold. Section 232 (4) of the Corporations Act 1989 puts another obligation on the officers of the particular body corporate to exercise the reasonable degree of diligence and care at all the times, while exercising the powers which have been given to them, and also while discharging the obligation or duties which have been put on them due to the office they hold (Jade, 2017a). The present day act, i.e., the Corporations Act, 2001 puts a civil obligation on the officers and directors of the company to exercise the powers which have been given to them, along with the discharge of the duties put on them, for a proper purpose, along with the same being in the best interests of the company and in good faith (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). A breach of this section attracts the civil penalty contained in section 1317E of the company, which relates to the making of a declaration of contravention by the court (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Decision of the Court It was acknowledged by the Court of Appeal that there was no need of establishing a high order of negligence for the standard of care which has been set out in the old act, i.e., in the Corporations Laws section 232(4), when the same is compared to the duty which is provided through the general law. In the view of the court, the standard set out for care and diligence, which in this case was applicable upon Vines, did not extend to the contents covered in the Part B Statement (Webster and Swan, 2007). In addition to this, the information which was made available, fell in the structure of the procedure of due diligence. This was designed for ensuring that the final disclose which were made to the shareholders of the company were materially and adequately finalized and were as per the law. In addition to this, the disclosure were made in a manner which could allow the safeguarding of the individuals who were involved in this scenario, from the liability, which may be established in case of a defect being established at a future time period (Webster and Swan, 2007). The finding of Justice Austin, made in the earlier case relating to the contravention of duties by Vines for being an officer of the company were upheld by the Court of Appeal on three key grounds: The instance at which the management sign-off was signed by the Vines, relating to the due diligence report, which necessitated the advice to the committee of the company relating to the due diligence, in the matter of assumptions made for the profit forecast of $80 million, in absence of taking the required positive steps. The failure on part of Vines for informing this due diligence committee of the company regarding him having no issue regarding the reliability of forecasted profit of the company. And lastly, when he failed in giving the proper attention to the facts, irrespective of the attainment of the same by the reinsurance division of GIO, in an estimated time period after the Part B Statement was issued, but before the takeover process could end (Webster and Swan, 2007). However, the Court of Appeals did overturn some of the contentions which were made by the ASIC relating to some specific issues. Further, it was held by the Court of Appeal that there was no violation on part of Vines, relating to his duty of care, in the following cases: When an unqualified statement of management confidence was made by Vines on November 9th, 1998 to the board, regarding the profit forecast, in the reinsurance division of GIO. At the instance when Vines failed in providing the required information relating to the bases of the profit calculations, for the made forecast in his email dated November 22nd, 1998, to the due diligence committee, in addition to the report which formed the base for the media release sent on November 17th, 1998 (Webster and Swan, 2007). Even though it was held by the Court of Appeals that Vines had acted in a manner of honesty, the relief could not be granted to Vines due to the seriousness of the violations. It was also held by the court that Vines had to consider, the fact that the material information had to be disclosed or not, regarding which he had the knowledge. As per the findings in each of the cases, Vines acted out in a manner which had the effect of leaving out the substantial information. The failure of Vines, in providing the material information to the directors, left the directors to make the decisions based on mostly the incomplete facts (Stephens Lawyers Consultants, 2007). Geoffrey William Vines was also held responsible for making reliance over the senior executive who inaccurately reported a critical financial matter to him. This senior executive had been given the operational responsibility on the matter of the report. Though, it was the responsibility of Vines to investigate upon the report which was presented to him, due to his position as the chief financial officer, and he had to be satisfied about the presented report, by conducting an inquiry on his own behalf for the report to be valid. The grounds of heavy responsibilities, along with workload and the associated pressure were not considered as sufficient general excuses for Vines to have failed the discharge of his duties (Stephens Lawyers Consultants, 2007). In this case, the position of chief financial officer was considered as being equally relevant to the position of a director in a company. This position was accepted by the judges as being one with the special skills for a large company. And Vines had been appointed as one as he had special skill set. It was held by Justice Austin that the degree of diligence and care which was expected from Vines, encompassed the special skills which he had brought to the office, and for the degree of diligence and care which had to be exercised by Vines, the same in context of the actions of a reasonable person had to be judged (Black, 2015). Vines applied for relief from liability arising on 7 different contraventions, which were identified by the trial judge, i.e., Austin J. and the penalty imposed by the trial judge was appealed by both Vines and the ASIC (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2011). When it was held that there was indeed a breach of the duties set out in the Corporations Act 2001, as per the draft presented by ASIC, a declaration of contravention was made by the court of law. In addition to this, the disqualification orders were made for both Robertson and Vines for a period totaling to three years, and the same was made for Fox, for a period totaling to twelve years. Along with the period for which the individuals were disqualified, they were also awarded with pecuniary penalty orders, which put a penalty of $100,000 on Vines, of $50,000 on Robertson, and lastly of $220,000 on Fox. This was coupled by a compensation order passed against Fox, to such amount of AUS dollar which amounted to the equivalent of US$143,750, as per the rates of exchange on the date of June 3rd, 1999. The costs borne by ASIC were also held to be paid by the three in proportions of 22% for Vines, of 28% for Robertson, and lastly of 33% for Fox (Jade, 2017b). Conclusion The case study of this case, i.e., the case of Vines v ASIC could be summarized to state that the officer of the company, i.e., Vines, Fox and Robertson had failed in the duties of care and diligence, which have been put on them due to the applicability of Corporations Act, along with the duty of acting with good faith, as they were the executive officer of the GIO Australia Holdings Limited. The judgment given in this case helps in clarifying, as well as, in establishing the duties and responsibilities which have been affixed on the executives of the company, particularly in the matter relating to the forecast of the profit, in a takeover bid. Apart from this, a broad interpretation of the judgment given in this case highlights that it is the duty of the executive officers and the directors of the company to make certain that the information which is given to the companys shareholders, for making the investment decisions are not only accurate, but also complete in all the material aspects. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2006) ASIC v Vines [2006] NSWSC 760 (2 August 2006). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2006/760.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Geoffrey%20William%20Vines [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 181. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s181.html [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2011) Directors Counsel. [Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/publications/company-director-magazine/2011-back-editions/may/directors-counsel-the-skills-you-need [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2017) What are the duties of directors?. [Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/membership/the-informed-director/what-are-the-general-duties-of-directors [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Black, S. (2015) Australia: The responsibilities of becoming a director. [Online] Mondaq. Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/412934/Directors+Officers/The+responsibilities+of+becoming+a+director [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00003 [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Jacobson, D. (2007) ASIC v Vines Appeal Decided. [Online] Bright Law. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-vines-appeal-decided/ [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Jade. (2017a) Corporations Act 1989 No. 109 Of 1989 - Table Of Provisions. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/218423/section/6392 [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Jade. (2017b) ASIC v Vines [2006] NSWSC 760. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/1022 [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Piper Alderman. (2007) Piper Alderman Legal Update. [Online] Piper Alderman. Available from: https://www.piperalderman.com.au/__files/f/4017/PA%20eBulletin%20June%202007.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Stephens Lawyers Consultants. (2007) Corporations Law Update: Recent Decisions About Directors' Duties And Liabilities. [Online] Stephens Lawyers Consultants. Available from: https://www.stephens.com.au/Sites/2196/Images%20Files/Newsletters/October%202007%20-%20Corporations%20Law%20Update.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Webster, J., and Swan, C. (2007) Focus: Implications Of Vines v ASIC. [Online] Allens. Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ma/fomamay07.htm [Accessed on: 21/04/17]

Monday, December 2, 2019

Victory & Despair The Roaring Twenties Essays - Literature

Victory Despair: The Roaring Twenties Hemenway's World War 1 Which best describes the purpose of style in writing? to make reading the text more enjoyable and interesting to the audience to indulge writers' impulses and help separate them from other writers to present information in a way appropriate to writers' audiences and purposes to elevate the language of the writing to a higher, more sophisticated level Which best describes the purpose of style in writing? to make reading the text more enjoyable and interesting to the audience to indulge writers' impulses and help separate them from other writers to present information in a way appropriate to writers' audiences and purposes to elevate the language of the writing to a higher, more sophisticated level Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." "I don't believe it," Passini said. "They can't do that to everybody. Let everybody defend his home. Let them keep their sisters in the house." This excerpt exemplifies how Hemingway uses short sentences that are still loaded with meaning. contain very little more meaning. are purposefully difficult to understand. hold limited symbolic value. Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." The use of informal diction in A Farewell to Arms robs the passage of having a deeper meaning. helps to maintain the realism of the dialogue. lends an air of absurdity to the dialogue. reduces the readability of the passage. Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." The use of informal diction in A Farewell to Arms robs the passage of having a deeper meaning. helps to maintain the realism of the dialogue. lends an air of absurdity to the dialogue. reduces the readability of the passage. Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." The use of informal diction in A Farewell to Arms robs the passage of having a deeper meaning. helps to maintain the realism of the dialogue. lends an air of absurdity to the dialogue. reduces the readability of the passage. Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . The major asked me to have a drink with him and two other officers. We drank rum and it was very friendly. Outside it was getting dark. I asked what time the attack was to be and they said as soon as it was dark. The casual behavior of the characters during a difficult time demonstrates Hemingway's belief that a hero should exhibit grace under pressure. recognize the meaningless of life. have a mentor to follow. learn from his mistakes. Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms . "I believe we should get the war over," I said. "It would not finish it if one side stopped fighting. It would only be worse if we stopped fighting." "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." " They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." "I don't believe it," Passini said. "They can't do that to everybody. Let everybody

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Multinational enterprises and their CSR initiatives in Nigerian oil sector The WritePass Journal

Multinational enterprises and their CSR initiatives in Nigerian oil sector Abstract Multinational enterprises and their CSR initiatives in Nigerian oil sector AbstractIntroductionResearch QuestionResearch ObjectivesLiterature ReviewResearch MethodologyReferencesRelated Abstract Nigeria is a country which is endowed with considerable energy reserves. The oil and gas reserves found are some of the largest in the entire world. Multinational companies have been involved in the exploration and transportation of crude oil and gas in the country. The Niger delta region is the main area where the country’s rich energy reserves are found. The conduct of multinational enterprises in the region has been criticized because of allegations that corruption, bribery, environmental mismanagement, environmental contamination, and human rights abuses are being perpetrated towards indigenous communities. As a consequence, multinational enterprises have engaged in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in order to create a better image while serving the needs of local communities. Introduction Nigeria is one of the leading producers of oil and gas in the world. It has oil reserves that are estimated to be around 35 billion barrels while it has 5 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves (Amaeshi et al, 2006: p. 67). Nigeria is a country that has more than 250 ethnic groups with over 500 languages being spoken in the country. Despite its huge energy reserves, the country remains poor with over two thirds of the people living in abject poverty. A total of six multinational organizations are operating in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. These companies are the Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron, Exxon-Mobil, Agip, Total, and Texaco.   The Niger Delta region is the main area where the oil exploration and production is being carried out by foreign enterprises (Beauchamp, 2003: p. 92). These foreign enterprises have been criticized for failing to take adequate measures that can alleviate the poverty and suffering of indigenous communities. There have been accusations of corruption, misman agement, environmental degradation, oil spills, contaminated water, and other problems in the region. As a consequence, there have been attempts by multinational enterprises to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the region. However, the existing literature does not comment upon the different CSR practices of MNCs in Nigeria with respect to the local stakeholders and communities. This study will seek to investigate and assess the efficacy of the ethical practices by the multinational enterprises as they related to the empowerment and betterment of indigenous communities. Research Question The following research questions will be answered in this dissertation: What are the CSR strategies of multinational enterprises in Nigeria? What are the practical implications of CSR as it relates to improving the standards of living for local communities? Is CSR a genuine attempt to empower communities or is it a marketing strategy by multinationals? Research Objectives To study the similarities and differences of the CSR initiatives implemented by multinational enterprises in Nigeria To determine the efficacy of CSR initiatives with respect to community empowerment and development To study whether multinational enterprises in the Nigerian oil sector are genuinely concerned about empowering communities or such initiatives are simply marketing tools to improver the image of multinational enterprises Literature Review Corporate social responsibility is a term used to denote the actions and policies implemented by business organizations that are in accordance with ethical and legal principles. The goal of organizations is to implement self-regulation and align it with the overall business model. The goal is to ensure that organizations can integrate ethics into their business model (Carroll, 2006: p. 76). A series of high profile business scandals in the past decades has meant that governments are now seeking to regulate the business environment through legislation that promotes transparency and accountability. Additionally, the customer segments are highly conscious about the business activities of enterprises because the latter must be able to demonstrate ethical behaviors in accordance with their actions. Alternatively, organizations are seeking to reduce the costs of complying with legislation by implementing CSR initiatives so that they can achieve efficiency and effectiveness. A number of theoretical approaches towards CSR have been developed in order to help organizations take responsibility for their actions while encouraging positive impact upon the environment, consumers, employees, and other key stakeholders. Corporate philanthropy is a CSR theoretical model which calls for providing monetary donations and aid to different communities. Such donations can come in specific areas like social welfare, environment, housing, health, and others (Carroll, 2006: p. 71).   The limitations of such a model are that it does not address the root causes of poverty and other problems in local communities. Another theory is that CSR should be combined with the overall business strategy. This theory seeks to help local communities by recruiting locals and training them so that they can upgrade their skills. Enterprises create support for local industries through mutually beneficial relationships. Another theory focuses on creating shared value because it believes that social welfare is directly linked with business success. It recommends organizations to focus on sustainable development as well as a skilled workforce so that efficiency can be attained (Carroll, 2006: p. 79). There is still a gap in the existing literature as to whether CSR can really bring positive benefits to local communities and other key stakeholders. The Nigerian oil sector has been dominated by multinationals which have been accused of environmental degradation, corruption, human rights violations, and other abuses. As a consequence, they have sought to improve this by focusing on corporate social responsibility initiatives. Some studies argue that CSR is a process which involves organizations taking responsibility for their actions and ensuring that they can create a positive impact through their activities on th e environment (Blunt Richard, 2006: p. 169). Other studies have disputed this as they argue that organizations operate on the principle of profit maximization. Research Methodology Qualitative research has been selected for this dissertation because it helps to investigate the reasons behind any particular phenomenon. This is suitable for this dissertation because the aim is to study corporate social responsibility and its efficacy in Nigeria. Quantitative research has not been selected because there is no need for statistics and figures in this dissertation. The data will be collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data will be collected through a survey that will be sent to top managers of multinational companies working in the Nigerian energy sector. The secondary data will be collected through studies that focus on CSR and its efficacy. References Amaeshi, K, Adi, B, Ogbechie, C Amao, O. (2006) †Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: Western Mimicry or Indigenous Influences?†. No. 39-2006, ICCSR Research Paper Series – ISSN 1479 – 5124, The University of Nottingham. Beauchamp, T. (2003) â€Å"Case studies in Business, Society and Ethics†. 5th ed†. Pearson, Prentice Hall. Blunt, P, Jones, M Richard , D. (2006) â€Å"Managing organizations in Africa†. Walter de Gruyter, pp.169-171. Carroll, A. (2006) â€Å"The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders†. Business Horizons, July-August 1991.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How To Set Deadlines To Make Your Team More Efficient

How To Set Deadlines To Make Your Team More Efficient Youre blogging for obvious reasons: Your  blog is a really powerful tool. On one hand, it acts as an SEO tool to bring your business website more traffic, while on the other, it provides useful information that helps establish your brand and build trust. And that helps turn your readers into paying customers. But blog posts are comprised of multiple components, so they require multiple people- or for one person to wear many hats- in order for the right keywords, ideas, text, images, and marketing to come together and work  as a cohesive unit. So how to set deadlines and work as a collaborative team to create awesome content is a challenge. But heres exactly how you can rock a content creation process that works for your team- from how to set deadlines and assign  roles to actually creating  the collaborative blog post. How To Set Deadlines To Make You (And Your Team) More Efficient via @titanwebagency1. Establish Blogging Goals And Guidelines Before you start blogging, you need to establish goals for your blogging team so they have some guiding principles that will inform their work. What do you hope to accomplish with your blog? Some examples of good goals for a blog are: Increase organic traffic to website as part of a comprehensive content marketing campaign. Build your organization’s reputation as a trusted source of information in your industry. Connect with potential customers in your target audience. Create original material to publish to social media outlets. In addition to establishing some broad goals, such as getting more Web traffic, you should also have some specific blogging guidelines for your team. Some examples of these might include: How many words each post should have. How many links/images/keyword uses/etc. each post should have. How often blog posts need to be published (editorial calendar). Where to find appropriate images for the blog. Writing tone/grammar/style guidelines. Information about the target audience you are writing for. By establishing goals and guidelines for your blog, you create a foundation that will help shape your blog and ensure that all team members are on the same page. If everyone on the team understands what you hope to accomplish with your blog and how you want them to do it, this will eliminate the need for extensive rewriting, editing, and other issues down the road. Start #blogging by turning your goals into #blog posts. #contentmarketing2. Make Sure Everyone Knows Their Role When you imagine how a blog post is created, you might think of a single person, typing away in solitude- the blogger. However, effective business blog posts often require several people to work together in a collaborative environment. Usually, it’s most effective for the roles to be split between two or three people, though sometimes one (very busy!) person may fulfill all roles. Here are some of typical roles that go into blog post creation: Project manager: This person assigns all tasks and sets deadlines. Topic and keyword generator: This person is responsible for finding blog topics and doing research to determine the best keywords and title to use. This person may also be the project manager. Content writer: This person is responsible for writing the content, which should incorporate the ideas, keywords, title, etc., as given to them by the project manager or topic/keyword generator. Content editor: This person checks and fixes the content’s grammar before the post is published. Image-finder and blog publisher: The accompanying images (and image tags) are essential for a good blog post. Someone must be responsible for finding these images and securing the necessary copyrights. This same person is often also in charge of actually posting the blog (typically using a content management system  like  WordPress) and making sure everything looks as it should. Promoter: A blog post is not worth much if no one ever reads it. Someone needs to promote your blog on social media, posting links to it across different sites and social media platforms. These marketing team roles may differ somewhat from one team to the next, but the point is that everyone involved is responsible for a particular task so that nothing gets left by the wayside. Make sure everyone involved in #blogging is responsible for a particular task so nothing is missed.It’s also good to have team members that can fulfill multiple roles if needed. For example, if your main writer is out of town one week, the editor should be able to step in and fulfill her role. 3. Set Deadlines Your Team Can- And Will- Actually Meet Everything youve done so far- setting goals, guidelines, and roles- has led up to how to set deadlines that are realistic and achievable for your team. Once everyone knows their role in creating a blog post, you need to set deadlines to make sure each team member actually completes their assigned task, and that they do so in a timely matter. After all, you should be publishing a new blog post every one to two weeks, so timeliness is key. In today’s mostly virtual workplace, the best way to set deadlines and make sure everyone is on task is by using  a project management tool like . With , you can manage all communications regarding the blog in one place, and ensure all tasks and subtasks are completed on time. helps teams collaborate together on content marketing projects like blogging, social media, and events. The tool allows teams to assign different tasks to multiple people working on a given project, while minimizing the use of email. You can use to assign tasks and deadlines to your entire team.  This is an actual example of the workflow we use at ! Based on role, you can customize your workflow, set deadlines for each team members unique tasks, and comment back and forth to the team right in . What Does A Successful Collaborative Blog Post Look Like? So, you’ve put together a team and they’ve started to publish blogs. But how do you know if these blogs are any good? Well first, you’ve got to make sure they have specific instructions. All of our writers know exactly what is expected with each blog post, including, but not limited to: Word count Tone of article Number of inbound and outbound links Types of images to use And more†¦. Think of the things youd have to include in a perfect Write For Us page. Let’s dive into it a bit deeper. Okay, so, what qualities do effective blog posts have? Good blog posts have multiple visuals. Custom images, illustrative screenshots, and photographs of real people are best (as opposed to stock photos). The guidelines for our writers specify how many images, and the types of images that are appropriate for the blog post. Good blog posts are easy to read. Content should be broken down into multiple sections with multiple headers and sub-headers. Bullet points and numbered lists are much easier to read than a big wall-o-text. Good blog posts are optimized for SEO. Posts will integrate keyword research in a natural, organic way. Good blog posts have links. Make sure your blog post links to other resources for further reading, including previous blog posts you’ve published. Where possible, you should also link to studies and statistics that reinforce the points you make in your blog. Good blog posts are original and engaging. This means that they shouldn’t have any re-hashed content from other blogs. They need to have original ideas and be written in a fresh, engaging manner. Good blog posts have proper grammar. If you want your blog to be successful, a blog post with bad grammar is simply unacceptable. Make sure all writers and editors are up to par and don’t have sloppy writing habits. Good blog posts have great titles. Having a catchy title is crucial if you want your blog to do well on search engines. If you need help you can use a headline analyzer or a blog topic generator. Don’t Forget About Guest Blogging While not every blog post will require a guest blogger, this is another important role that makes your blog a group effort. As a guest blogger- someone who writes a post for a website other than their own- I am able to gain exposure and Web traffic for my business through new outlets, and allow new audiences to get to know me. Another great thing about guest blogging is that it is a two-way street, meaning that I often receive a guest blog post from the site I’m writing one for. This helps me meet my own content needs and also get some fresh and interesting perspectives for my blog. This is a great way to divvy up the work for your team, which puts a little less strain on some of your deadlines. Remember: Your Blog Is A Work In Progress Having one good blog post is certainly an accomplishment, but in order for your blog make a lasting impact that furthers your organization’s goals, you need to publish great blog posts on a regular basis. That means knowing how to set deadlines each team member meets.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Innocence and Experience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Innocence and Experience - Research Paper Example Innocence asks of a man to remain aloof of the different things that take place around him. However this innocence could be taken in an entirely negative way if the individual does not quite understand the norms and procedures around him. Experience teaches him to comprehend how innocence could be turned into a point where the individual become mature and therefore represents maturity on a consistent basis. Innocence and experience form essential ingredients of a psychological domain that is closely tied in with the thread that derives the basis of life (of a man). Psychology asks of the person to understand the innate characteristics that basically hamper the very basis of his life time and again. These issues can also benefit him in the long run if he gets the hang of following the set dictum in a methodical manner. Therefore it is important to understand how life can be represented in a manner that entails both innocence and experience within it in an abundant capacity. Innocence is usually associated with individuals who are known to be immature or lack the authority to have their say. However this could be held in a very negative way as well. Children are usually known to be innocent because they lack the freedom to make sound decisions and assert their own selves in an out and out fashion. This is essentially true because children are indeed very innocent and they do not actually get the hang of a lot of things that are happening around them (Bridges 1993). Children look up to their elders so that the latter could offer them with the muc h needed experience in order to change the course of their lives, for the better. Experience is deemed as important as it can be decisive in understanding the life’s crucial decisions. Experience is also pivotal because it can differentiate the innocent feelings of the different people from a rational discourse which they might have within the distinctive undertakings of their lives.

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Aniconism and the Multivalence of Emblems Assignment

Aniconism and the Multivalence of Emblems - Assignment Example Huntington has her own view on this question. She believes that many of the images associated with Buddha's absence—such as an empty throne—are in fact intended to mean something else. The empty throne, for example, was intended to represent the â€Å"sacred nuclei of worship† at religious sites and not the fact of Buddha's absence on that throne (Huntington, 402). Her new research suggests that inscriptions on these images indicate that many of the so-called images are more quotidian representations of sacred sites. Vidya Dehejia has a different view of these questions. He believes that scholars have overlooked the double-meanings of many words in the ancient scripts. He thinks that someone like Huntington has been too literal. He admits that some scholars have gone too far in their interpretations, but that some images do indeed depict the absence of Buddha. He suggests that the emblems of many images â€Å"may carry different meanings in varying contexts† and that scholars should be sensitive to this (Dehejia, 64). The debate over the absence or presence of Buddha in early Buddhist art is a fascinating one. Both scholars present convincing arguments. Whether we will ever know the truth remains an open question.   

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Dividend Policy at Fpl Essay Example for Free

Dividend Policy at Fpl Essay In 1994, Merrill Lynch published a report that disclosed the change in their investment rating for the FPL Group, Inc. . They had downgraded this rating as they expected the directors would choose not to raise the annual dividend. This also happened to be the first time in 47 years that the FPL Group had not raised dividends. This tweaked the interest of a certain electric utilities analyst at the First Equity Securities Corporation, Kate Stark. She now was faced with the decision whether or not to amend her own recommendation of â€Å"hold† on FPL Group, Inc.’s stock (her recommendation of hold was based on the assumption that FPL will keep its dividend at $2.48 per share, or increase this slightly). James Broadheld, chairman of the FPL Group, understood the issues of an ever changing marketplace, and knew that the industry was on the verge of being deregulated, and thus implemented a strategy that focused primarily on a strong commitment to quality as well as customer service, while focusing on the utilities industry and expanding capacity in order to improve its own cost position. He believed that this approach to business would result in a future of â€Å"full and open† competition amongst all competitors. As a result, as of May 1994, the FPL Group was faced with a critical question – to decrease their dividend payout ratio or not? Prior to Broadheld’s entry to FPL, chairman Marshall McDonald expanded the types of industries FPL were involved in during the 70’s and 80’s, leading to extensive diversification. Examples of such industries include real estate and insurance, just to name a few. As Broadheld stepped in, FPL’s diversification decreased and as a result the firm saw an improved efficiency. Exhibit 7 revealed that FPL’s capacity margin is 8.6%, which is alarmingly low in comparison to the other provided companies. The overall average is approximately 11.39%. This lower capacity margin shows that not much growth is to be expected of the firm, and this is of course relative to other firms. The same exhibit illustrates cost-management problems. More specifically, FPL’s transmission cost of $0.0019/kWh is significantly greater than the other firms provided with an average of $0.0010. Also, considering the fact that the company purchases 30% of the power used from foreign firms, FPL’s respective power costs can be high as they are exposed to the risk of changing (and increasing) power prices. The case presented a wide variety of changes in the industry’s regulatory standards. For example, 1992’s Wholesale Wheeling allowed companies to buy power from another with the help of a third party. In addition, the Retail Wheeling of 1994 allowed actual customers to not only buy from the monopoly, but from other utility firms (again through third parties). Also, many firms have lost of a substantial amount in market value, including the SP Electric Utilities Index with a decline of 20%. Turning to an evaluation of the firm, many concerns have been raised over FPL’s ever-increasing interest expense since 1993. Analysis Total earnings are the sum of dividends paid and retained earnings. Dividend-paying firms attract investors. Generally speaking, shareholders either look for growth and/or income when purchasing shares. The former tends to pay less attention to dividend payments and more on the capital gain, whereas the latter prefers a regular income for the investment made. If Kate Stark wishes to revise her current suggestion, she needs to consider the pros and cons in doing so. Focusing first on the negative effects of cutting back on dividends, signalling is undoubtedly one of the biggest issues at hand. Since lower dividend payments may be perceived as a red flag in the company’s finances, this information will likely cause a negative reaction in the market. Therefore, concerns in a decreasing stock price are justified. As for the benefits of lowering the company’s dividend policy, the company can now use a larger amount of funds that would have normally been kept aside for dividend payments. This definitely makes changes to the firm’s financing sources. The money can thus be used for value-increasing projects. From the point of view of an investor, it may not be such a bad idea, considering that dividends are taxed more than capital gains. This results in a potentially large amount of savings for the investors. Also, one of the main benefits of reducing the dividend policy is to lower the risk of market volatility and deregulation.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Dale v. Boy Scouts of America Essay -- Homosexual Rights Court Papers

Dale v. Boy Scouts of America This case deals with the Plaintiff's expulsion from his position as Assistant Scoutmaster in a Boy Scouts of America (henceforth called "BSA") troop due to his status as an active homosexual. Dale, the Plaintiff, was serving as an Assistant Scoutmaster in 1990, when, due to a local newspaper article, it was discovered by officials in the local Monmouth BSA Council that he was an active homosexual. A letter was sent to Dale by the Council, notifying him of their decision to revoke his membership in the organization. Dale sent a letter in response, asking why this action was taken. The Council then notified Dale that his homosexual activities made him ineligible for membership in the BSA, as well as making him ineligible to serve as an adult leader. In September 1990, Dale contacted the BSA Regional Director, requesting a review of the expulsion decision. The Regional Director's office responded to Dale via letter, notifying him of the Director's decision to support the Council's actio n, and also notifying him of the National BSA Council's pending review of the case. New Jersey Superior Court Analysis Rather than wait for the National Council's decision, Dale filed a lawsuit in the New Jersey Superior Court against the BSA in July 1992. In the lawsuit, Dale claimed that the BSA is a place of public accommodation, and as such, violated the New Jersey Laws Against Discrimination (LAD). LAD states the following: "All persons shall have the opportunity to obtain employment, and to obtain all the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of any place of public accommodation, publicly assisted housing accommodation, and other real property without discrimination because of race, creed... ...significant precedent. It is also quite conceivable that Dale will last no longer than the current class of Supreme Court Justices. Assuming a few more years, it is doubtful that Dale would have been decided the same. One never knows. Perhaps this case will be seen as another Plessy v. Ferguson. Works Cited New Jersey Supreme Court. Dale v. Boy Scouts of America et. al. URL: http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/supreme/a-195-97.opn.html Superior Court of New Jersey-Appellate Division. Dale v. Boy Scouts of America et. al. URL: http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/appellate/a2427-95.opn.html United States Supreme Court. Boy Scouts of America et. al. v. Dale. URL:http://usgovinfo.about.com/newsissues/usgovinfo/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://caselaw.findlaw.com/cgi%2Dbin/getcase.pl%3Fcourt=US%26amp%3Bnavby=case%26amp%3Bvol=000%26amp%3Binvol=99%2D699

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Disadvantages of Watching TV

We require some kind of etiquate to educate the human beings for watching TV execessively without getting the advantages of the same. We have lost all our old heritage to socialise the environment. Watching TV does not involve the person participation actively. In sub-conscious mind we just go on watching the subject without involving our active mind. We are also loosing the social activites as well as outdoor activities which gives boosting effect on human mind. We should generate awareness among the people about the disadvantage of watching the TV. Although this great invention of science has played major role in human life to give more comfort as well as information human requires for his development but in my view disadvantages has also played vital role to destroy of old age heritage which in fact scientifically proven that outdoor as social activites gives metal and physical satisfaction. As we are well our that our encestors have develop sense of visualizing the events happening at far distant places. This has happend because human has practiced his body in such a that they can see adn visualise the thing before the events take place. But TV may not give this opportunity to develope the human mind. Watching TV has become habbit and some time we do not prefer to visit relatives and friends house and also do not prefer to be visited by them. We would like to generate the awareness in the human being to visulaise this drawback in order to avoid untoward incident to happen in futre and repent on this activity at later date. We must develope and generate a group who can devote the time to make people aware about the outcome of this activity.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Descriptive Statistics Essay

In research, the need to accurately produce results is imperative to efficient research. Team C’s hypothesis of what generates champion teams needs many tools provided in research to achieve a true answer. Team C has further simplified the meaning of champion team to any team whose team dynamics cause the team to have a winning season. With that being said, this paper will be focused on the research tools needed and the results provided by the tools to answer what stats are important for teams in the MLB to win games and eventually be champions. Measures of Central Tendencies Even when dealing with enormous sets of data it is important to get an idea by looking at the measures of central tendency. The first three that will be looked at are mean, median, and mode. Mean is â€Å"a measure of central tendency that offers a general picture of data without inundating one with each of the observations in a data set† (Sekaran, p. 396, para 3). A more common term for mean is average. The median is â€Å"the central item in a group of observations when they are arrayed in ascending or descending order† (Sekaran, p. 396, para 5). Mode is the â€Å"most frequently occurring phenomenon† (Sekaran, 396, para 6). The following table shows the mean, median, and mode for the four sets of data that Team C will be researching: Wins, Salary, Total Season Attendance, and Team Earned Run Average. Although the chart has shown detailed information, the need for dispersion will aid in achieving more precise data collection. Dispersion Dispersion is a critical part of statistics because of the accuracy factor. In team C’s hypothesis, the stats the team are searching for are the stats  that generate wins for a Major League Baseball team. In dispersion, four subsets can help develop a more accurate picture of Team C’s hypothesis. The four are range, average deviation, variance, and standard deviation. The four tools of dispersion help to paint a clear picture of how the four identified stats help develop winning teams. Measure skewness will help to make sure the data collected is uniform. Measure of Skew Skewness is a measure of symmetry, or more precisely, the lack of symmetry. A distribution, or data set, is symmetric if it looks the same to the left and right of the center point (NIST/SEMATECK, 2010). The skewness for a normal distribution is zero, and any symmetric data should have skewness near zero. Negative values for the skewness indicate data skewed left and positive values for the skewness indicate data skewed right. Skewed left is defined as the left tail is long in comparison to the right tail on the histogram. Skewed right is defined as the right tail is long in comparison to the left tail histogram. Wins Team C’s research demonstrates a champion Major League Baseball team success is a result of the number of wins, salary of players, season attendance, and the team’s earned run average. The average wins for 30 teams, or the mean is 81, whereas the median is equal to the mean at 81 wins. The mode or most recurring number of wins is 95. The skewness of the applied wins data results in a negative number, resulting in a negative or data skewed to the left. In this case the variance is so minimal that the histogram for wins would look symmetrical rather than negatively skewed. Salary The salary of a Major League player can be closely tied to the quality and quantity of the player’s ability and results. The team salary mean is $73,063,563 and the median is $66,191,417. The skewness for this data is a 2.17, positively skewed to the right which means that the mean exceeds the median. This dramatic difference in data is a result of the variation in the highest team salary compared to the mean. The mean is $73,063,563 and there are extremes in excess of 200 million dollars for a team salary pulling the mean in excess of the median. Attendance Attendance in a Major League game directly impacts the budget and ability to pay higher salaries for better players. The data researched shows a mean of 2.4 million and a median of 2.5 million. The skewness is displayed as positively skewed or skewed to the right. The variance is very minimal resulting in a symmetrical histogram. The slight pull to the right is a result of increased attendance at 3.5 to 4 million at a handful of stadiums. Team ERA Measurement of Central Tendency and Dispersion of Data Mean, median and mode are used to measure central tendency and the dispersion of data. â€Å"In general, the mean is the descriptive statistic most often used to describe the central tendency of a group of measurements.†(Science Buddies, 2010) However, the mean is not always the best measure of central tendency and dispersion when there is a presence of extreme values in the data. â€Å"Of the three measures, it is the most sensitive measurement, because its value always reflects the contributions of each of the data values in the group. The median and the mode are less sensitive to â€Å"outliers†Ã¢â‚¬â€data values at the extremes of a group.†(Science  Buddies, 2010) The mode measures the highest recorded frequencies of data measures, and it helps to determine where most of the data lies. The mode is very useful when the data is overly skewed. The median helps to determine the quartile range and the skew of the data. The median is not affected much by the sma ll proportion of the data with very high or very low values. The median is a good measure of the central tendency and dispersion of the data when considering what makes a Major League Baseball team successful team. After reviewing all data collected, Team C has derived that the combination of these stats gives the solution for the hypothesis posed. Solution After extensive research, Team C has discovered that the factors the team focused on do have an effect on the wins for a Major League Baseball team. In the case of attendance, a successful team needs a minimum of 2.4 million fans to be able to pay quality players. In addition, this high fan base can help generate the 73 million needed to pay quality players and operate the team. These quality players need to provide a minimum of 4.28 for the ERA. Although this stat is based on a pitcher, the team as a whole has to be good enough to aid the pitcher in this goal. If the teams can achieve this goal, their average wins would be well over 81 wins for the season. This is a winning season, and eventually, as numerous teams that have fallen into these categories have shown, the championship could be the reward. Conclusion A team that plays smart and efficient will win games and championships. The number of wins, salaries, attendance, and earned run average (ERA) contribute to this success. ERA is the average number of runs allowed by the pitcher. The lower number of runs the better. The ERA stats tell us that the most number of wins by a team is 95. The overall team salaries indicate that the player salaries are indicative of player quality, ability, and results thereof. The attendance of the fans and public plays a major role in the success of the team. The monies generated from attendance make it possible for owners and management to hire quality talent. Owners and management must be consistent when hiring and managing the players. Team C has concluded through its research that these are the major factors for winning games and championships. References NIST/SEMATECH. (2010). e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, retrieved from http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook eda/section3/eda35b.htm. Science Buddies. (2010). Summarizing Your Data. Retrieved from http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair- projects/project_data_analysis_summarizing_data.shtml Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach. (4th ed.). John Wiley & Son, Inc. New York, NY. *Histogram and other charts located on attached Excel Spreadsheet*

Friday, November 8, 2019

Why Choose a Single-Sex School

Why Choose a Single-Sex School No single educational environment is right for every student. From varying learning styles to different interests, education has become an incredibly diverse and customized experience for students. For some children, the best learning environment is one that removes students of the opposite gender from the equation.  Research has shown that single-sex education offers benefits for both girls and boys. While it has long been known that girls do better academically in all-girls’ environments, more recent research has shown that boys may fare even better than girls in single-sex classrooms. The research fairly overwhelmingly and  consistently points to the advantages of single-sex schools. For example, a study at Stetson University  in Florida showed that among fourth graders at a public elementary school in the state, 37% of boys reached proficiency levels in co-ed classes, while 86% of boys in single-sex classrooms did (the boys in the study were matched so that they were statistically equivalent). While 59% of girls reached a proficient level in co-ed classrooms, 75% did when they were only with girls. This type of research has been carried out and substantiated among students of different economic, ethnic, and racial backgrounds in many different industrialized countries around the world. Part of the magic of single-sex schools is that the teaching methods can be adjusted to the students. Well-trained teachers at girls’ and boys’ single-sex schools can take advantage of the specific ways in which girls and boys learn. For example, boys often need a higher level of activity, while girls might need more reassurance that they have something to offer to the classroom discussion. In a typical co-ed classroom, it is difficult for one teacher to use these specific strategies for all the students. Here are some other advantages of single-sex schools: Girls Gain Greater Confidence CRC Health studies show that one-quarter of the female members of Congress and one-third of the female board members of Fortune 100 companies attended girls’ schools. This staggering statistic might be in part because girls in single-sex schools learn to feel confident about their ideas, and they more readily jump into class discussions when they are not self-conscious. In a girls’ school, students are not worried about what boys will think about them, and they shed the traditional idea that girls should be demure or quiet. Boys and Girls Feel Comfortable in Non-traditional Subjects Boys in boys’ schools feel comfortable in areas that they learn to avoid in co-ed schools, such as literature, writing, and foreign languages. Many boys’ schools emphasize these subjects, and the teachers in these schools are able to plan the curriculum so that the themes in the books the boys read are geared towards their concerns and interests, as opposed to the usual â€Å"girl-centered† books in many co-ed schools. For example, boys may read stories about boys coming of age, such as Homer’s The Odyssey, and the students’ analyses of these works can be centered on boys’ concerns. Girls in girls’ schools, on the other hand, tend to feel more comfortable in areas that they traditionally shy away from, such as math and science. In all-female schools, they can have female role models who enjoy these subjects, and they are encouraged to be interested in these areas without competition from boys. Students Unlearn Gender Stereotypes In boys’ schools, boys fill every role- whether it’s a traditional role such as captain of the basketball team or whether it’s an untraditional role such as the editor of the yearbook. There are no stereotypes about which types of roles boys should fill. Similarly, in a girls’ school, girls are the head of every sport and organization and can comfortably take on such untraditional roles as head of the student body or head of the physics club. In this way, students in these schools unlearn traditional stereotypes and do not tend to think of roles in terms of gender. Single-Sex Classrooms Often have Better Discipline While sometimes all-girls’ and all-boys’ classrooms have a certain relaxed quality borne of freedom to express themselves, single-sex classrooms have been shown overall to have fewer discipline problems, particularly for boys. Students are no longer busy impressing or competing against the opposite sex but can get down to the true business of learning. Many parents who attended co-ed schools may feel uncomfortable at first exploring the single-sex school option for their children, but there is no doubt that many students learn better in these types of schools.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How To Make a Dry Ice Balloon

How To Make a Dry Ice Balloon You usually blow up balloons with air or helium, but did you know you can get a balloon to inflate itself using dry ice? Heres how you perform this simple science project: Dry Ice Balloon Materials BalloonsDry Ice PelletsFunnel (optional) Its easiest to work with a funnel because it holds the neck of the balloon open. If you are working with dry ice pellets, you may find it easier to break or crush them so you can pour them into the balloon. However, if you wear gloves, its pretty simple to do this project with just your hands and a balloon. If you have a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, you can even make the dry ice yourself. What You Do Hold open the mouth of the balloon.Place or pour dry ice into the balloon.Tie off the balloon so that the gas wont escape.The balloon will inflate as you watch. Youll see water freeze on the outside of the balloon where the dry ice is cooling the air across the surface of the latex. How much the balloon inflates depends on how much dry ice you added. A small amount of dry ice will slightly inflate the balloon, while a large amount ultimately will make it pop. How It Works Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. At normal atmospheric pressure, dry ice sublimates from a solid directly into a gas. As the gas warms, it expands. Carbon dioxide is more dense than air, so if you drop a dry ice balloon, it will fall to the ground rather than float like a helium balloon. Dry Ice Safety Dry ice is cold enough that it can give you frostbite after a very brief exposure. Its best to wear gloves for this project and to let the balloon inflate on a countertop and not in your hand. Also, dont eat the dry ice. Keep it away from children and pets.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Business questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business questions - Essay Example As Jones & George say, consumption and investment rates are highly dependent on the economic aspects and the political scenario respectively (128). The political force, in my opinion, is the major determinant of successful business transactions. Political forces determine whether a society will be peaceful and stable enough to allow for investment. As Lynch indicates, the Chinese would benefit from venturing into the U.S markets as there are fewer trade barriers, alternative energy sources are in plenty, as well as the Chinese are better placed to learn new technologies that could benefit their home markets (1). With the Chinese shifting a lot of focus in the U.S markets, Lynch is of the opinion that U.S.A. will gain from job creations by the Chinese. The Chinese companies have sustained investors with loans, which is shifted to U.S economy (Lynch, 1). With the IMF expecting the Chinese outward investment to augment, the U.S assets are slowly gaining prominence among the Chinese buyers. The U.S markets and economy will automatically grow, while back at home, the Chinese manpower is grabbed by the world’s superpower (Lynch,

Friday, November 1, 2019

Corporate Productivity and the New Economy Personal Statement

Corporate Productivity and the New Economy - Personal Statement Example And, I learned that the unique educational program of the Graduate School of Computer and Information Science at Nova Southeastern University is one of the many features why many students study and research here. For, one of the main reasons for my selection of Nova Southeastern University is its Cluster classroom format. Since I am a firm believer in the concept of teamwork, I believe the cluster meetings will be beneficial for me as I network and team with others in my field with the guidance and wisdom of my instructors. Further, I believe I will also be able to make a formidable contribution to my classmates and professors as we exchange prior experiences, expertise, and hopes in a bond that will last a lifetime. Furthermore, the online aspect of the program is equally as attractive to me as the cluster meetings. I am no stranger to online learning since at least 50% of my undergraduate courses and 90% of my Master's courses took advantage of the online format. For, the schoolâ⠂¬â„¢s unique learning environment is the missing link that will help me maximize my current skills and capabilities in the field of Information Technology in my zeal to improve the lives of people using information technology. Evidently, my entire life has been seriously focused on the complex but rewarding world information technology.  

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Hybrid Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hybrid Cars - Research Paper Example Brief Explanation of Hybrid Cars 1 (par.2) Hybrid cars are vehicles that their engines are fusions of both electrical and gasoline engines. Hybrid cars are run on both gasoline and electrical engines and they can alternate between these engines. These hybrid cars make use of both electrical and gasoline engines and these help to provide additional power Advantage of Hybrid cars over gasoline engines 1 (par.3) Hybrid cars have been classified as green products as the presence of the electrical engines have helped to reduce the rate at which greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. The financial benefit of using hybrid cars 2 (par. 4) Joining the effort of world leaders 2 (par. 5) Thus automobile users are encouraged to make use of these hybrid cars as through this, they would contribute to the effort of the world leaders in making sure that the emission of greenhouse gases are brought to the barest minimum. Conclusion 2 (par. 6) Hybrid cars are green products that have been i ntroduced to curb the global warming that is capable of destroying our world. Thus, automobile consumers should join in this course by making use of the hybrid cars.

Monday, October 28, 2019

Examining Effective Leadership Styles

Examining Effective Leadership Styles Throughout history of health care policy makers they were challenged to develop powerful leadership skills for future nurses leaders. Therefore there was a need to develop different contemporary leadership styles and behaviors, other than those theories known before. Contemporary leadership styles is not just a group of skills or missions, it is rather an attitude that value on the collaboration and effective teamwork. Contemporary leadership is dynamic relationship that will lead the leaders and followers to a higher level of moral and teamwork development. (Lanier Rose, 2008). Effective leaders as reflected in this literature of leadership, is one who is having the ability to create a healthy environment that will affect the motivation, efficiency, and effectiveness of their employees. In addition a good leader needs to have different leadership styles and attitude, and need to know in which situation he/she can evidence a particular approach. Furthermore in order for good leaders to drive their organization forward they need to practice authority, and help their employees to motivate, plan, lead, control, organize and achieve their goals and activities. (Jenkins, 2009). This paper covers briefly seven contemporary leadership styles: quantum leadership, charismatic leadership, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, shared leadership, and servant leadership. Also in this assay I will discusses and examine effective leader from throughout the literature and how leaders can develop effective leadership styles that will impact successfully on the organization. Mainly by exploring and comparing between two famous forms of contemporary leadership approaches, the transactional and transformational leadership styles. Thin I will focus on my writing on one of the nursing leaders that inspired me, what were her leadership styles, and what makes her a good leader in my view, and what I think she was lacking as a leader. Contemporary leadership styles Quantum leadership is based on important strategies, such as building capacity, thinking, planning, and working in collectively. In one of the research study program conducted by Jennifer Milewski, she developed seven drives of effective quantum leadership which are building strong community relationship, open the way for the community initiative, find source of power in society, deal with difficult and complicated tasks, build relationships with other systems, motivate employee for continuous learning, and bring the future to the present. (Milewski, 2006). What makes quantum good is that the leadership is shared activity and skills between the leader and employee in the health care system because all the staff and patient can have access to the information not only the leader. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Leaders how are having charismatic personality characterizes by being dynamic, with attractive and magnetic personality, and they inspire their followers through their speech. What makes this style strong and powerful is that people follow the leader speech regardless of the content of their message without the need for providing evidence and they usually value religion and politics more than facts, on the other hand charismatic is limited because followers today are more knowledgeable and aware and they will not listen to any leader easily without providing evidence based practice. (Mc Crimmon, 2007). Martin Luther King is good example for this style. Transactional leadership is about exchanging socially whereby the leader and follower are expected to give and receive social, political, physiological, and economical benefit. In this style leaders are expected to motivate, enhance and meet their employee goals, objectives, and loyalty within the scope of their practice and policy, moreover transactional leader work on day to day operation, it is like when you are asked to work overtime hours and on the other hand you expect to receive bonus. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Transformational leadership as defined by Burns is based on motivating, inspiring and empowering both leader and follower, and to work side by side to achieve and maintain the vision and preferred future. Transformational leader see themselves as a changing agent, lifelong learner, believes in people and able to handle and manage complex task. Transactional leadership has been the basis for the nursing administration curriculum. (Malloch Porter, 2006). Relational leadership or connective leadership as introduced by Klakovich is based on flexible management that will motivate health care team, clients, and families. She also explained that this approach focuses in creating and strengthens interconnection between and among multidisciplinary team. (Klakovich, 1994). The manager usually shows relational leadership element when convening the multidisciplinary team to plan or change the patient care program, and this will break the hierarchical relationship and lead all member to develop leadership at all level in the organization. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Shared leadership is based on the principle of relationships, partnerships, discussion, and understanding the limit. This approach shares the managing and leading responsibilities between two or more leaders since they donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t expect that one leader has the ability and knowledge to handle and manage all tasks effectively. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Servant leadership approach is suggested to support nursing staff in patient care where extra expectation and support are required from the managers, it is also ensure quality nursing care where there is increase the demand on nursing work force. In health care environment ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s believed that the work will be enhanced and be more effective with more servant- oriented management approach. (Jenkins Stewart, 2010). By the end, each leadership model is attempting to persuade the followers to follow their management strategies for the greater success of the organization. Effective leader and leadership Leadership is defined in many way but all of them agree that it is a process that influence individual, team, or the community to achieve their goal. It can be formal or informal depending on the leader authorities and personal skills. (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Effective leader must be able to influence, empower, and motivate the follower to participate for the effectiveness of the organization. (Chen, Beck, Amos, 2005). Mcshane and Vonglinow in 2005 listed some important characteristic and skills for effective leadership, those include but not limited to intelligent, confidence, motivation, knowledgeable about the business, integrity, command and emotional intelligent, and these skills will enable the leaders to be effective and strong with any leadership style they are following. One reason that might affect the development of effective leader is when a new leader is surprised that people who promoted them are not following, especially in health care system where leadership position is given without strong educational background and experience. Therefore the leader must develop better ways for managing, leading, and convincing their follower. They should be able to negotiate, and satisfy their employees in order to drive the organization forward. (Karlene, 2008). In nursing career leaders who function beyond the classic leadership style are needed, that will provide a direct contact between nurses and their manager in order to create positive work environment specially where retaining nurses are becoming a great challenges. (Amany, Susan, Mary, 2009). Through my reading I realized that effective leader must practice authority, empower and motivate employees to face their fears, and enable them to share in decision making process and by being intelligent in selecting the most effective leadership style that works with different changes in the organization, can have a major impact on the successful of the organization. Moreover maintaining and stabilizing the organization after achieving the success and desired vision is critical for the progression to continue. Transactional and transformational leaderships Many researchers have conducted to examine the most effective model between transactional and transformational leadership theories. The difference between both of them where first recognized by Weber 1998, who said that transactional leadership power is based on controlling the basis of knowledge and leaders usually aim to compromise and negotiate with followers in order to achieve higher efficiency, and they promote subordinates to complete their successful. On the other hand in transformational approach leaders have charismatic character that aim to transform employees and help them to change ways of thinking by using new ideas, and leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and encourage them to solve problems. (Kotlyar, Karakowsky, 2006). Other studies have related transformational and charismatic approaches; both are similar by attracting and enhancing followers. In contrast charismatic inspires followers superficially; however charismatic is certainly a shot of transformational leader. (Bass Bass,2008). what I cant forget and still wander in my mind when she said to me: always follow your intuition and answer the hidden voice inside you, whenever you feel that something wrong is going on with your patient even if you are sure that she is clinically stable, and that is just feeling, dont ignore it and check her continuously till that feeling leave you. Later I realized that sometimes such feeling is harbinger.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Fitting In :: essays research papers

Fitting in Fitting in is an important part of life because it has almost everything to do with turning out in life. Knowing the right people will directly effect a persons life later on, job wise and high school reunions. Part of fitting in is rejection. This happens because when someone does not reject a particular person then they might be rejected for not rejecting that person. "... waking up in the morning and wondering if anyone would really miss me." this is a thought that might course through someone's mind after being rejected. Most people respond differently, Some people might dress and act totally different just to try to "fit in" that way. Most will just forget about that group or single person. I have often observed that people often times try to find out why that person or group rejected them and try to make it better. Being rejected is like someone saying "You do not fit in with us so leave us alone" its a nasty feeling. Some people let others down easy and that is nice of them. Why is it so hard to fit in? There is so much social pressure now that it is getting harder and harder to "fit in". When I say social pressure I mean how to act, look, sound, walk, and so on. Clothes play a very important role in fitting in with the crowd. People say that a first impression is the most important one so people try to make the best first impression by dressing up or showing someone there not. Some people try to stay in fashion, they do this to stand out or be noticed. A huge role in fitting in is changing or, in other words, being someone you are not. To describe this I think of putting on a mask over your whole body. Some people just spend all day "lying there and thinking about all the stupid things I've done today." Lastly, being liked by other people is what "fitting in" is all about. Like I said before, you change yourself, dramatically sometimes, just to fit in. Changing yourself might include dress, hair, self. Changing yourself might just make it harder to fit in so people just stick to what they have changed themselves since they do not know what else to do. Often people wonder "What if I say this to them, well if I say this then they might not like me. Even though...." Emotional stress can damage a person so much they just do not care anymore. Individuals will do amazing things just to achieve "Fitting in" after

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Caribbean Music

Music of the Caribbean region differs from island to island. The Caribbean got its name from the term â€Å"Carib†, which is the name of an old Native American ethnic group. Today the region is divided into four different parts: Spanish, French, Dutch, and British Caribbean. The Spanish Caribbean consists of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic; the French Caribbean consists of Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana; the Dutch Caribbean contains Suriname, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Maarteen, and St.  Eustatius; and the British Caribbean is the largest and consists of Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, British Virgin Islands, U. S. Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Turks and Caicos Islands. (CLASS NOTES) The Caribbean has a variety of different instruments and genres that make up its music and dancing culture. Caribbean music has several distinctive characteristics to both its sound and its dancing styles. Their techniques are not predetermined and the musicians improvise as they make their music. Dancers typically do not have a lot of body contact and the waist and pelvic region are the main body of center of attention. Fast rhythmic dancing is a big part of Caribbean dancing. Both music and dancing are influenced from a variety of other worldwide cultures, including African, European, and later Asian. (CLASS NOTES) Caribbean music features complex short combinations of rhythmic patterns. This is demonstrated in video ML 3475 . J88 1995 Vol. 4 : The Caribbean.  One of the most prominent instruments within Caribbean music is the large array of drums, including Steel, Conga, Timbales and Bongo Drums. All these types of drums distribute very different kinds of sounds. The steel pan, also known as a steel drum, is made from oil drums heated and hammered into an instrument with multiple pitches played with rubber-headed mallets (Mahabir). Today, the steel drum is a very sophisticated musical instrument. It is a unique instrument with origins in colonial Trinidad. The steel drum was used as communication for African slaves (Idaho State University). Turns out the steel drum doesn’t only evoke images of beaches and pina coladas. The drums haunting and echoing sound means so much more. The Congo drum is a Cuban barrel-shaped, one-headed hand drum. This instrument is played in sets of two or four. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, which mean each drum possesses its own unique sound. (Demonstrated on CD-2260, Drums defiance) The smallest Congo drum is called Nino and the largest tumba. This type of drum is played by striking the drumhead with one’s fingertips or palms instead of a mallet. The Bongo is a set of small one-headed drums that is held between the musician’s knees and is played by hand like the Congo drum. These drums are also important in Latin music, particularly music deriving from Cuba. (The Bongo Page) Bongo drums usually have a wooden or metal base, and can be tuned by tightening the skin over the drum. The sizes of these drums also vary according to the musician’s preferences. The drums are each named hembra for the larger drum and macho for the smaller drum. These are Spanish words meaning female and male, respectively. Hembra has a much lower tone then macho. The Bongo Page) However, both drums are significantly higher then the Congo drums. Reggae genre was first formed in Jamaica in the 1960’s. This genre of music is based on a rhythmic style, with spurs of off-beats. Typically it is a slower beat, with the guitar, and other instruments such as the drums influencing the sound. It is very similar to â€Å"rock steady† but the use of complex bass line and speed is what separates the two (Bradley). The reggae vocals are less dramatic then the influence from the instruments. It is very common to hear dialects, which could sound slang to some Americans. Something different from most singers is, reggae singers use tremolo (volume oscillation) instead of vibrato (pitch oscillation) (Bradley). The Calypso genre music was started on the Island of Trinidad (Dudley). This genre is also rooted in West African traditional music like Reggae. It was used for different aspects of life, such as communication and also for entertainment. Calypso is generally played on folk instruments such as the guitar, banjo, and other percussions. It is typically heavily rhythmic but still melodic. Since the genre was often used for communication the lyrics were often political in nature, but often masked.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Prominent African-American Mathematicians

Jesse Ernest Wilkins, Jr. exemplifies and is addressed as one of America’s admirable unorthodox mathematicians. He was portrayed as the University of Chicago’s youngest student at the tender age of thirteen. Wilkins proceeded to his education there, earning his bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in mathematics. When he finished his Ph. D. at 19, he was recognized by the national press as a â€Å"negro genius. † (http://www. blackpast. org)Jesse Ernest Wilkins taught at the Tuskegee Institute (1943-1944) prior returning to the University of Chicago to contribute to the Manhattan Project (1944-1946). He then entered industry, advancing to high positions at: American Optical Company (1946-1950), United Nuclear Corporation (1950-1960) and General Atomic Company (1960-1970). He also earned bachelor and master degrees in mechanical engineering from New York University (1957, 1960). In 1970, Wilkins became the Distinguished Professor of Applied Mathematical Physics at Howard University.He was remembered as being very inspirational to his students and for starting Howard’s Ph. D. program in mathematics. (http://www. blackpast. org) J. Ernest Wilkins is a member of various professional societies and has been awarded several honors in his distinguished career including: President of the American Nuclear Society (1974-1975), Council Member of the American Mathematical Society (1975-1977) and Outstanding Civilian Service Medal by the U. S. Army (1980). He has published numerous papers in mathematics, optics and nuclear engineering.His greatest contribution to scholarship is the development of mathematical models to explain gamma radiation and his subsequent work on developing a shielding against gamma radiation. (http://www. blackpast. org) A fifth grade gifted program provided accessibility to William A. Massey to the introduction of Euclidean geometry and number systems of differing bases. His interests in drawing and graphic arts assisted him to comprehend the application of perspective and proportion. In seventh grade, William A. Massey executed an exam involving a type of abstract reasoning.He excelled and exceeded far beyond his classmates on the same exam. Essentially, from that moment, he apprehended the aspiration of becoming a mathematician. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey’s authentic comprehension of mathematics as a researcher initiated as a college student at Princeton University. He specialized in abstract algebra and number theory while acquiring real, complex and functional analysis. He maintained his scientific interests by taking physics courses all four years, as well.William A. Massey was awarded an aggressive Bell Laboratories fellowship that was established to increase the number of minority Ph. D. ’s in the sciences, which paid for his acquisition of the doctorate of philosophy in mathematics at Stanford University. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wi ki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey has made many original contributions as a mathematician by developing a theory of â€Å"dynamical queueing systems†. His research on queueing networks led to new methods of comparing multi-dimensionalone.One of William A. Massey most cited papers progresses an algorithm to find a dynamic, optimal server staffing schedule for telephone call centers with time varying demand and ultimately led to a patent. An additional highly cited paper initiates a dynamic model for the offered load traffic of wireless communication networks. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) In 1925 Elbert Frank Cox was allocated the Doctor of Philosophy degree in mathematics from Cornell and he is the first known Black to receive the Ph. D. in Mathematics in the United States; ultimately, in the world.In September 1925, he accepted a teaching position at West Virginia State College. Elbert Frank Cox remained there four years and in 1929 moved to Howa rd University. Cox remained at Howard until his retirement in 1965 and served as chairman of the Mathematics Department from 1957-1961. In 1975, the Howard University Mathematics Department, at the time of the inauguration of the Ph. D. program, established the Elbert F. Cox Scholarship Fund for undergraduate mathematics majors to encourage young Black students to study mathematics at the graduate level. http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm) While Elbert Frank Cox did not live to see the inauguration of the Ph. D. program at Howard, it is comprehended by various individuals that Cox accomplished plenty to initiate such possibilities.He assisted to build up the department to the point that the Ph. D. program became a practical next step. He gave the department an extensive deal of credibility; primarily due to his personal prestige as a mathematician, due to the fact od exemplifying and exhibiting first Black to acquire a Ph. D. in mathematics, because of the nature and kin ds of appointments to the faculty that were made while he chaired the Department and because of the kinds of students that he attracted to Howard to study mathematics at both the undergraduate and graduate (master's) levels. Cox's portrait hangs in Howard's Mathematics Common Room as a consistent reminder of his contribution to the Mathematics Department, the University and the Community of Scholars in general. (http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm)